Ce rapport décrit l'état des eaux suisses – cours d'eau, lacs et eaux souterraines. Il donne également un aperçu des mesures actuellement mises en œuvre pour contribuer à l'amélioration de l'état des eaux.
Lacs des Préalpes et du pied du Jura - Évolution de la température, de la circulation et de la teneur en oxygène
Article du Aqua & Gas (langue allemand)
Cet article décrit les variations de température observées dans les lacs des Préalpes et de la périphérie du Jura, ainsi que leurs conséquences. Article en allemand.
Conséquences du changement climatique sur les eaux en Suisse
Rapport de l'OFEV
Quelles sont les répercussions du changement climatique sur le régime hydrologique, l'écologie des cours d'eau, la protection contre les crues, l'utilisation de l'eau et la protection des eaux ? Pour répondre à ces questions, l'Office fédéral de l'environnement (OFEV), en collaboration avec la communauté scientifique et sur la base des scénarios climatiques CH2018, a élaboré des données de référence hydrologiques et des scénarios pour l'avenir («Hydro-CH2018»). Sur cette base, l’OFEV a analysé, en collaboration avec d’autres services fédéraux concernés, les répercussions sur la gestion des eaux et a déterminé les mesures à prendre pour l’avenir. Ces travaux ont été menés dans le cadre du NCCS et ont porté sur différents secteurs. Le présent rapport offre un aperçu de l’état des connaissances.
Autres publications pratiques sur le changement climatique
Autres publications pratiques sur le changement climatique
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description => protected'Als Folge des Klimawandels etablieren sich immer mehr wärmeliebende Arten i n Schweizer Gewässern. Da wirbellose Kleinlebewesen als Bioindikatoren für die Qualität von Fliessgewässern dienen, könnte diese Entwicklung die bi ologische Gewässerbeurteilung verfälschen. Simulationen zeigen, dass die V ielfalt der Wirbellosen tatsächlich zunehmen wird, jedoch auf Kosten kälte liebender Arten. Soweit sich das beurteilen lässt, sind die verwendeten Ind izes aber robust genug, um ihre Aussagekraft zur Gewässerqualität für die nächsten Jahrzehnte zu behalten.' (566 chars)
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title => protected'Anpassungsstrategien an den Klimawandel. Lösungsansätze zum Wärmemanageme nt von Grund- und Oberflächenwasserressourcen' (122 chars)
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description => protected'Als Strategien zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel eignen sich sowohl die therm ische Bewirtschaftung von Grundwasserleitern als auch von Oberflächengewäs sern. Einerseits lassen sich damit negative Auswirkungen des Klimawandels au f die Wasserressourcen abschwächen. Andererseits besteht ein grosses Potenz ial für die gleichzeitige Nutzung von Wärmeenergie. Deshalb sollten Klimaw andel-Anpassungsstrategien ein integraler Bestandteil der nachhaltigen Bewir tschaftung von Wasserressourcen sein.' (493 chars)
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Nährstoffänderungen, invasive Arten und Klimawandel auf das Ökosystem des Sees. Der aktuelle Wandel ist tiefgreifend und mit voraussichtlich weitreic henden Folgen für das komplexe Ökosystemgefüge und die Gewässernutzenden . Am 13. und 14. Juni 2023 schliesst das Projekt mit einem wissenschaftliche n Symposium und einer Informationsveranstaltung für die Praxis ab.' (523 chars)
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authors => protected'Lanz, K.; Fuhrer, J.; Haeberli, W.; Stamm, C.' (65 chars)
title => protected'Steigender Nutzungsdruck im Wasserschloss. Thematische Synthese 2: Wasserres sourcenbewirtschaftung unter steigendem Nutzungsdruck' (129 chars)
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description => protected'In der Schweiz findet ein rascher Wandel von Landschaft und Landschaftsnutzu ng statt, die Bevölkerung nimmt stark zu und die Wirtschaftsaktivitäten wa chsen. Dadurch akzentuieren sich Nutzungskonflikte im Wassersektor: Wo einst verschiedene Nutzergruppen unabhängig voneinander agieren konnten, überla gern sich die verschiedenen Ansprüche immer stärker. Zugleich ändern sich die Rahmenbedingungen der Wasserbewirtschaftung durch den Klimawandel.' (451 chars)
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description => protected'Qualitativ gutes Trinkwasser ist angenehm temperiert, farb-, geruch- und ges chmacklos sowie hygienisch und toxikologisch einwandfrei. Doch wie wirkt sic h der Klimawandel auf die Wasserressourcen und damit auf die Trinkwasserqual ität aus? Der Versuch einer Bestandsaufnahme.' (274 chars)
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authors => protected'Beutler, P.; Kianfar, B.; Blumensaat, F.; Maurer, M.' (72 chars)
title => protected'Klimawandel und Starkregen. Führt der Klimawandel zu veränderten Starkrege n in der Schweiz? Ein Statusbericht' (111 chars)
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description => protected'Ist in der Zukunft ein Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die für die Dimensioni erung der Siedlungsentwässerung relevanten Starkregen erkennbar? Untersuchu ngen zeigen kein erkennbares Klimasignal, weder für die nahe (2035–2064) noch für die ferne Zukunft (2070–2099). Dies gilt für die Wiederkehrinte rvalle 5, 10 und 30 Jahre mit je drei Dauerstufen (10 Min., 60 Min., 24 Std. ) und für die vier Niederschlagsregionen in der Schweiz, repräsentiert dur ch 22 MeteoSchweiz-Wetterstationen.' (491 chars)
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Der Einfluss des Klimawandels auf das Leben in Süsswasser- und Landökosystemen
Ökologische Gemeinschaften in Flüssen und Seen reagieren ähnlich auf den Klimawandel wie Gemeinschaften an Land. Das zeigt der erste umfassende Vergleich von Süsswasser- und Landökosystemen weltweit unter der Leitung von Eawag und WSL. Steigen die Temperaturen, profitieren vor allem wärmeliebende Arten. Eine überraschende Ausnahme könnte das Plankton sein.
Les communautés écologiques des lacs et rivières réagissent aux changements climatiques à peu près comme les communautés terrestres. C’est ce que montre la première comparaison des écosystèmes limniques et terrestres, réalisée à l’échelle de la planète sous la houlette de l’Eawag et du WSL. L’augmentation des températures profite surtout aux espèces thermophiles. Le plancton pourrait être une exception surprenante.
Rixen, C.; Khaliq, I.; Narwani, A. (2024) Der Einfluss des Klimawandels auf das Leben in Süsswasser- und Landökosystemen, Natur und Landschaft, 3, 18-21, Institutional Repository
Biologische Gewässerbeurteilung im Klimawandel
Als Folge des Klimawandels etablieren sich immer mehr wärmeliebende Arten in Schweizer Gewässern. Da wirbellose Kleinlebewesen als Bioindikatoren für die Qualität von Fliessgewässern dienen, könnte diese Entwicklung die biologische Gewässerbeurteilung verfälschen. Simulationen zeigen, dass die Vielfalt der Wirbellosen tatsächlich zunehmen wird, jedoch auf Kosten kälteliebender Arten. Soweit sich das beurteilen lässt, sind die verwendeten Indizes aber robust genug, um ihre Aussagekraft zur Gewässerqualität für die nächsten Jahrzehnte zu behalten.
Vorburger, C.; Khaliq, I.; Chollet Ramampiandra, E.; Narwani, A.; Schuwirth, N. (2024) Biologische Gewässerbeurteilung im Klimawandel, Aqua & Gas, 104(10), 60-65, Institutional Repository
Anpassungsstrategien an den Klimawandel. Lösungsansätze zum Wärmemanagement von Grund- und Oberflächenwasserressourcen
Als Strategien zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel eignen sich sowohl die thermische Bewirtschaftung von Grundwasserleitern als auch von Oberflächengewässern. Einerseits lassen sich damit negative Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Wasserressourcen abschwächen. Andererseits besteht ein grosses Potenzial für die gleichzeitige Nutzung von Wärmeenergie. Deshalb sollten Klimawandel-Anpassungsstrategien ein integraler Bestandteil der nachhaltigen Bewirtschaftung von Wasserressourcen sein.
Epting, J.; Råman Vinnå, L.; Affolter, A.; Scheidler, S.; Schilling, O. (2023) Anpassungsstrategien an den Klimawandel. Lösungsansätze zum Wärmemanagement von Grund- und Oberflächenwasserressourcen, Aqua & Gas, 103(6), 28-36, Institutional Repository
Ökosystemforschung am Bodensee. Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts "Seewandel: Leben im Bodensee - gestern, heute und morgen"
Während fünfeinhalb Jahren untersuchten Forschende aus den drei Bodenseeländern den Einfluss und die Wechselwirkung verschiedener Stressfaktoren wie Nährstoffänderungen, invasive Arten und Klimawandel auf das Ökosystem des Sees. Der aktuelle Wandel ist tiefgreifend und mit voraussichtlich weitreichenden Folgen für das komplexe Ökosystemgefüge und die Gewässernutzenden. Am 13. und 14. Juni 2023 schliesst das Projekt mit einem wissenschaftlichen Symposium und einer Informationsveranstaltung für die Praxis ab.
Alexander, J.; Spaak, P.; Möst, M.; Straile, D.; Hetzenauer, H. (2023) Ökosystemforschung am Bodensee. Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts "Seewandel: Leben im Bodensee - gestern, heute und morgen", Aqua & Gas, 103(6), 54-59, Institutional Repository
Steigender Nutzungsdruck im Wasserschloss. Thematische Synthese 2: Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung unter steigendem Nutzungsdruck
In der Schweiz findet ein rascher Wandel von Landschaft und Landschaftsnutzung statt, die Bevölkerung nimmt stark zu und die Wirtschaftsaktivitäten wachsen. Dadurch akzentuieren sich Nutzungskonflikte im Wassersektor: Wo einst verschiedene Nutzergruppen unabhängig voneinander agieren konnten, überlagern sich die verschiedenen Ansprüche immer stärker. Zugleich ändern sich die Rahmenbedingungen der Wasserbewirtschaftung durch den Klimawandel.
Lanz, K.; Fuhrer, J.; Haeberli, W.; Stamm, C. (2014) Steigender Nutzungsdruck im Wasserschloss. Thematische Synthese 2: Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung unter steigendem Nutzungsdruck, Aqua & Gas, 94(11), 24-29, Institutional Repository
Wasserressourcen und Klimawandel
Qualitativ gutes Trinkwasser ist angenehm temperiert, farb-, geruch- und geschmacklos sowie hygienisch und toxikologisch einwandfrei. Doch wie wirkt sich der Klimawandel auf die Wasserressourcen und damit auf die Trinkwasserqualität aus? Der Versuch einer Bestandsaufnahme.
Kipfer, R.; Livingstone, D. M. (2008) Wasserressourcen und Klimawandel, Eawag News [dtsch. Ausg.], 65, 8-11, Institutional Repository
Klimawandel und Starkregen. Führt der Klimawandel zu veränderten Starkregen in der Schweiz? Ein Statusbericht
Ist in der Zukunft ein Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die für die Dimensionierung der Siedlungsentwässerung relevanten Starkregen erkennbar? Untersuchungen zeigen kein erkennbares Klimasignal, weder für die nahe (2035–2064) noch für die ferne Zukunft (2070–2099). Dies gilt für die Wiederkehrintervalle 5, 10 und 30 Jahre mit je drei Dauerstufen (10 Min., 60 Min., 24 Std.) und für die vier Niederschlagsregionen in der Schweiz, repräsentiert durch 22 MeteoSchweiz-Wetterstationen.
Beutler, P.; Kianfar, B.; Blumensaat, F.; Maurer, M. (2018) Klimawandel und Starkregen. Führt der Klimawandel zu veränderten Starkregen in der Schweiz? Ein Statusbericht, Aqua & Gas, 98(10), 14-20, Institutional Repository
Moule Quagga: concept de monitoring et recommandations sur les mesures de prévention et de protection
Brochure de l'Eawag
La moule quagga a été observée pour la première fois dans le lac Léman en 2015. Depuis, cette espèce envahissante originaire du Dniepr s'est rapidement propagée dans les lacs préalpins. Quelles en sont les conséquences pour les écosystèmes et l'approvisionnement régional en eau ?
Les lacs préalpins et l'approvisionnement en eau potable menacés par les moules (langue allemand)
Article du "Umweltwirtschaft" tiré du projet « Seewandel »
Ce rapport formule des recommandations concernant les mesures à prendre pour les cours d'eau non touchés par la moule quagga ainsi que pour ceux qui en sont infestés à un stade précoce de colonisation. L'objectif principal de ces mesures est d'empêcher la propagation de la moule quagga des cours d'eau infestés vers ceux qui ne le sont pas. La deuxième partie contient des recommandations pour la détection précoce ainsi qu'un concept de suivi visant à surveiller à long terme la propagation de la moule quagga en Suisse. Article en allemand.
Autres publications pratiques sur les espèces envahissantes
Moule quagga
Autres publications pratiques sur la moule quagga:
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Nährstoffänderungen, invasive Arten und Klimawandel auf das Ökosystem des Sees. Der aktuelle Wandel ist tiefgreifend und mit voraussichtlich weitreic henden Folgen für das komplexe Ökosystemgefüge und die Gewässernutzenden . Am 13. und 14. Juni 2023 schliesst das Projekt mit einem wissenschaftliche n Symposium und einer Informationsveranstaltung für die Praxis ab.' (523 chars)
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authors => protected'Spaak, P.; Alexander, J.; Baehni, L.; Burlakova, L.  ;E.; Dennis, S. R.; Feulner, P. G. D.; Flämig,&nbs p;S.; Haltiner, L.; Karatayev, A.; Karatayev, V.; Kraemer,&nb sp;B.; Rossbacher, S.; Stöckli, R.' (273 chars)
title => protected'Quaggamuscheln bedrohen Voralpine Seen. Grundlegende Veränderungen der Seen möglich' (85 chars)
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description => protected'In nur fünf Jahren hat die Quaggamuschel den Boden- und den Genfersee volls tändig besiedelt, in sechs weiteren Seen wurde sie bereits nachgewiesen. In Wassertiefen von 10 bis 30 Metern findet man mittlerweile bis zu 25 000 Mus cheln pro Quadratmeter. Auch an den tiefsten Stellen der Seen gibt es bereit s Vorkommen. Die Muscheln verstopfen die Infrastrukturanlagen von Trinkwasse rbetrieben und thermischen Nutzungen, was Schäden in Millionenhöhe verursa cht. Da das Ausbreitungsmuster der Schweizer Seen vergleichbar mit dem der G rossen Seen in Nordamerika ist, muss mit gravierenden Folgen gerechnet werde n.' (610 chars)
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authors => protected'Müller, T.; Hofstetter, L.; Spaak, P.' (53 chars)
title => protected'Wie lässt sich die Ausbreitung der Quaggamuschel stoppen?' (58 chars)
journal => protected'Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich' (64 chars)
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description => protected'Seit etwa 10 Jahren ist die Quaggamuschel nun in der Schweiz. Sie ist eine d er einflussreichsten invasiven Arten in unseren Seen, und sie ist auch zuneh mend in den Medien als wichtiges Thema präsent. Trotz der grossen Aufmerksa mkeit bleiben viele Fragen zur Quaggamuschel bis heute offen und eine prakti kable Methode, die Muschel wieder loszuwerden, ist nicht in Sicht. Verschied ene Schweizer Gewässer sind aber bis heute verschont geblieben. Diese Gewä sser gilt es nun so lange wie möglich zu bewahren.' (507 chars)
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authors => protected'Flämig, S.; Bourqui, M.; Alexander, J.; Sturm, L.; Well auer, N.; Spaak, P.' (105 chars)
title => protected'Moule Quagga: concept de monitoring et recommandations sur les mesures de pr évention et de protection' (102 chars)
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description => protected'Des moules quagga ont été détectées pour la première fois à Bâle en 2 014 grâce à l'ADN environnemental (ADNe) (De Ventura et al. 2017). En 2016 , des spécimens de moules quagga ont été découverts pour la première fo is dans le lac de Constance. Dès 2021, des initiatives d'information et de sensibilisation à grande échelle ont été lancées en Suisse. Cependant, entre-temps, plusieurs grands lacs ont été envahis par cette espèce. Bien que la dynamique de propagation laisse présager un risque élevé de colon isation supplémentaire en Suisse, nous estimons que chaque année de retard dans l'arrivée des moules quagga dans un lac constitue un gain précieux. Sur le plan financier, cela permet de réaliser des économies, de disposer de plus de temps pour adapter les infrastructures, et de préserver l'état naturel des lacs aussi longtemps que possible. C'est pourquoi nous recommand ons vivement que les mesures de protection et de surveillance des eaux décr ites dans ce rapport soient mises en œuvre dans les plus brefs délais réa lisables par tous les acteurs concernés. Ce rapport a pour objectif de faci liter cette démarche. Plus l'action sera rapide, plus ses effets seront bé néfiques. [...]' (1232 chars)
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Ökosystemforschung am Bodensee. Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts "Seewandel: Leben im Bodensee - gestern, heute und morgen"
Während fünfeinhalb Jahren untersuchten Forschende aus den drei Bodenseeländern den Einfluss und die Wechselwirkung verschiedener Stressfaktoren wie Nährstoffänderungen, invasive Arten und Klimawandel auf das Ökosystem des Sees. Der aktuelle Wandel ist tiefgreifend und mit voraussichtlich weitreichenden Folgen für das komplexe Ökosystemgefüge und die Gewässernutzenden. Am 13. und 14. Juni 2023 schliesst das Projekt mit einem wissenschaftlichen Symposium und einer Informationsveranstaltung für die Praxis ab.
Alexander, J.; Spaak, P.; Möst, M.; Straile, D.; Hetzenauer, H. (2023) Ökosystemforschung am Bodensee. Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts "Seewandel: Leben im Bodensee - gestern, heute und morgen", Aqua & Gas, 103(6), 54-59, Institutional Repository
Quaggamuscheln bedrohen Voralpine Seen. Grundlegende Veränderungen der Seen möglich
In nur fünf Jahren hat die Quaggamuschel den Boden- und den Genfersee vollständig besiedelt, in sechs weiteren Seen wurde sie bereits nachgewiesen. In Wassertiefen von 10 bis 30 Metern findet man mittlerweile bis zu 25 000 Muscheln pro Quadratmeter. Auch an den tiefsten Stellen der Seen gibt es bereits Vorkommen. Die Muscheln verstopfen die Infrastrukturanlagen von Trinkwasserbetrieben und thermischen Nutzungen, was Schäden in Millionenhöhe verursacht. Da das Ausbreitungsmuster der Schweizer Seen vergleichbar mit dem der Grossen Seen in Nordamerika ist, muss mit gravierenden Folgen gerechnet werden.
Spaak, P.; Alexander, J.; Baehni, L.; Burlakova, L. E.; Dennis, S. R.; Feulner, P. G. D.; Flämig, S.; Haltiner, L.; Karatayev, A.; Karatayev, V.; Kraemer, B.; Rossbacher, S.; Stöckli, R. (2023) Quaggamuscheln bedrohen Voralpine Seen. Grundlegende Veränderungen der Seen möglich, Aqua & Gas, 103(6), 60-65, Institutional Repository
Wie lässt sich die Ausbreitung der Quaggamuschel stoppen?
Seit etwa 10 Jahren ist die Quaggamuschel nun in der Schweiz. Sie ist eine der einflussreichsten invasiven Arten in unseren Seen, und sie ist auch zunehmend in den Medien als wichtiges Thema präsent. Trotz der grossen Aufmerksamkeit bleiben viele Fragen zur Quaggamuschel bis heute offen und eine praktikable Methode, die Muschel wieder loszuwerden, ist nicht in Sicht. Verschiedene Schweizer Gewässer sind aber bis heute verschont geblieben. Diese Gewässer gilt es nun so lange wie möglich zu bewahren.
Müller, T.; Hofstetter, L.; Spaak, P. (2025) Wie lässt sich die Ausbreitung der Quaggamuschel stoppen?, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 170(2), 4-8, Institutional Repository
Moule Quagga: concept de monitoring et recommandations sur les mesures de prévention et de protection
Des moules quagga ont été détectées pour la première fois à Bâle en 2014 grâce à l'ADN environnemental (ADNe) (De Ventura et al. 2017). En 2016, des spécimens de moules quagga ont été découverts pour la première fois dans le lac de Constance. Dès 2021, des initiatives d'information et de sensibilisation à grande échelle ont été lancées en Suisse. Cependant, entre-temps, plusieurs grands lacs ont été envahis par cette espèce. Bien que la dynamique de propagation laisse présager un risque élevé de colonisation supplémentaire en Suisse, nous estimons que chaque année de retard dans l'arrivée des moules quagga dans un lac constitue un gain précieux. Sur le plan financier, cela permet de réaliser des économies, de disposer de plus de temps pour adapter les infrastructures, et de préserver l'état naturel des lacs aussi longtemps que possible. C'est pourquoi nous recommandons vivement que les mesures de protection et de surveillance des eaux décrites dans ce rapport soient mises en œuvre dans les plus brefs délais réalisables par tous les acteurs concernés. Ce rapport a pour objectif de faciliter cette démarche. Plus l'action sera rapide, plus ses effets seront bénéfiques. [...]
Flämig, S.; Bourqui, M.; Alexander, J.; Sturm, L.; Wellauer, N.; Spaak, P. (2024) Moule Quagga: concept de monitoring et recommandations sur les mesures de prévention et de protection, 26 p, doi:10.55408/eawag:33820, Institutional Repository
Autres espèces envahissantes
Autres publications pratiques sur les espèces envahissantes: [Auswahl für FR anpassen]
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authors => protected'Spaak, P.; Alexander, J.; Bosch, N.; Ogorelec, Ž.; Stra ile, D.; Rey, P.' (102 chars)
title => protected'Kleiner Fisch mit grosser Wirkung. Wie der Stichling den Lebensraum Bodensee verändert hat' (91 chars)
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description => protected'Vorfahren des Dreistacheligen Stichlings haben nach der letzten Eiszeit von Atlantik und Ostsee aus die mitteleuropäischen Binnengewässer besiedelt. I n einige Schweizer Gewässer konnten sie nur mithilfe des Menschen gelangen. Auch im Bodensee verbreiten sie sich erst seit den 1950er-Jahren. Um 2012 h aben dort Stichlinge invasionsartig das Freiwasser besiedelt, fressen überw iegend Zooplankton und konkurrieren so mit den dort lebenden Felchen um dies elbe Nahrungsressource.' (479 chars)
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Kleiner Fisch mit grosser Wirkung. Wie der Stichling den Lebensraum Bodensee verändert hat
Vorfahren des Dreistacheligen Stichlings haben nach der letzten Eiszeit von Atlantik und Ostsee aus die mitteleuropäischen Binnengewässer besiedelt. In einige Schweizer Gewässer konnten sie nur mithilfe des Menschen gelangen. Auch im Bodensee verbreiten sie sich erst seit den 1950er-Jahren. Um 2012 haben dort Stichlinge invasionsartig das Freiwasser besiedelt, fressen überwiegend Zooplankton und konkurrieren so mit den dort lebenden Felchen um dieselbe Nahrungsressource.
Spaak, P.; Alexander, J.; Bosch, N.; Ogorelec, Ž.; Straile, D.; Rey, P. (2023) Kleiner Fisch mit grosser Wirkung. Wie der Stichling den Lebensraum Bodensee verändert hat, Aqua & Gas, 103(7-8), 90-96, Institutional Repository
Nos eaux vues d'en haut : un spectacle à couper le souffle (en allemand)
Article tiré de "Wasser Energie Luft"
Dans cet article, nous examinons nos rivières et nos lacs avec un regard d'ensemble, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur les oiseaux insectivores. Nous montrons que les insectes aquatiques constituent une source de nourriture particulièrement importante en raison des acides gras spécifiques qu'ils contiennent. Il est donc crucial pour les oiseaux insectivores que les insectes aquatiques soient présents en quantité suffisante lors des phases critiques de leur vie, comme par exemple pendant l'élevage des jeunes. Comment la gestion des cours d'eau (par exemple la revitalisation, la protection des cours d'eau, la gestion des bassins versants) peut-elle contribuer à la protection de la diversité aviaire? Article en allemand.
Diversité remarquable de corégones en Suisse (en allemand)
Brochure de l'Eawag
La diversité des espèces de corégones dans les grands lacs suisses est unique. Les recherches menées au cours des deux dernières décennies sur la diversité des espèces de corégones ont permis de mieux comprendre comment cette diversité s'est développée, comment elle est structurée sur les plans écologique et génétique, et pourquoi de nombreuses espèces ont disparu au cours des 80 dernières années. Ces études ont également montré qu'il convenait de repenser en partie la gestion actuelle de la pêche et de développer de nouvelles approches. Brochure en allemand.
« Projet Lac » - Diversité des espèces piscicoles dans les lacs suisses
Brochure du service de conseil en pêche FIBER
Les lacs des Préalpes et de la périphérie alpine suisses constituent des hauts lieux de biodiversité qui abritent une diversité piscicole unique. De nombreux lacs sont le théâtre d’une pêche professionnelle et récréative profondément ancrée dans l’histoire. Pour garantir une pêche durable et une gestion efficace des stocks halieutiques exploités, il est essentiel de disposer de connaissances détaillées sur la diversité des espèces et la taille des stocks d’un lac. Des prélèvements systématiques effectués dans le cadre du «Projet Lac», une initiative de l’Eawag et de l’Université de Berne en collaboration avec les cantons et l’OFEV, ont permis de recenser plus de 100 espèces de poissons différentes dans les lacs des Préalpes et des marges alpines suisses.
Publication de la SCNAT - « Hotspot Biodiversité » avec la contribution de l'Eawag
Les cours d'eau constituent des habitats dynamiques. Des facteurs tels que la production d'énergie, l'agriculture, le changement climatique, les eaux usées et les micropolluants montrent à quel point nous les sollicitons. La surveillance permet de mesurer objectivement les évolutions écologiques et, par conséquent, d'en discuter de manière factuelle. La protection et l'exploitation sont le plus souvent en concurrence directe, et pas seulement dans le domaine des cours d'eau. Des données fiables favorisent la transparence et la confiance entre la science, l'administration, le monde politique et le grand public.
Sur la base des données disponibles, ce rapport présente une vue d'ensemble de l'état biologique, c'est-à-dire de la situation en matière de nutriments ainsi que des populations de plancton, de macrozoobenthos et de poissons, dans les 19 plus grands lacs suisses. Publication en allemand.
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authors => protected'Hunziker, S.' (17 chars)
title => protected'Évolution des poissons: quand l'alimentation s'en mêle' (56 chars)
journal => protected'Eawag Newsletter [éd. fr.]' (27 chars)
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description => protected'Dans les milieux stables, les truites se spécialisent en se partageant les différents types de proies alors qu'elles adoptent un comportement généra liste dans les torrents à l'offre alimentaire instable. De leur côté, les épinoches de différentes lignées évolutives modifient leur environnemen t de par leur comportement alimentaire. Cela handicape leurs descendantes à moins que celles-ci ne soient hybrides. Pour pouvoir protéger la biodivers ité, il est important de bien comprendre de telles relations entre espèces et environnement.' (550 chars)
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authors => protected'Périat, G.; Vonlanthen, P.' (37 chars)
title => protected'Etude du peuplement pisciaire du Lac de Neuchâtel' (50 chars)
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description => protected'L’objectif principal du « Projet Lac » est de déterminer d’une maniè re standardisée la diversité de l’ichtyofaune peuplant les grands lacs n aturels alpins et périalpins. Cet important travail d’investigations est mené par l’EAWAG ainsi que par différents instituts et gestionnaires par tenaires.<br />L’inventaire du lac de Neuchâtel réalisé en octobre 2011 , soutenu par les cantons de Neuchâtel, de Vaud et de Fribourg, constitue l e sixième échantillonnage sur le territoire helvétique. Les principaux en seignements mis en évidence se résument comme suit :<br />En 150 ans, le l ac de Neuchâtel a :<br />- perdu, a priori, 4 espèces (saumon atlantique, lamproie fluviatile, jaunet, able de stymphale)<br />- vu une réduction des populations de 7 espèces liées aux cours d'eau (barbeau fluviatile, blage on, hotu, spirlin, ombre, lamproie de planer, anguille)<br />- récupéré, selon Pedroli (1983), la souche lémanique de l'omble chevalier qui actuelle ment s'est raréfiée.<br />- subi l'intrusion par 10 espèces allochtones d ont deux peuvent se rencontrer fréquemment (rotengle du sud et loche de riv ière du sud).<br />Au final, sur 32 espèces originelles, 24 ont pu être r épertoriées en 2011 par l'échantillonnage du Projet Lac ou déclarées pa r la pêche, soit 75 %. Parmi ces dernières, la bouvière, la carpe et la t ruite de lac ont le statut d'espèce menacée selon l'Ordonnance fédérale en la matière (OFSP 923.01).<br />Par ailleurs, la répartition des poisson s dans le plan d'eau présente une dichotomie claire. En automne, en aval, l es cyprinidés ont tendance à supplanter les corégones qui dominent l'amon t.<br />Enfin, sur le bas lac, les perches capturées semblent clairement pl us parasitées que sur le haut lac. En sachant que, en milieu aquatique, le degré de parasitisme est proportionnel à la présence de polluants ou de s tress environnemental, plus on s'approche de l'exutoire, plus l'ichtyofaune du lac de Neuchâtel app...' (2078 chars)
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authors => protected'Périat, G.' (16 chars)
title => protected'Etude du peuplement pisciaire du Lac de Morat' (45 chars)
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description => protected'L’objectif principal du « Projet Lac » est de déterminer d’une maniè re standardisée la diversité de l’ichtyofaune peuplant les grands lacs n aturels alpins et périalpins. Cet important travail d’investigations est mené par l’EAWAG ainsi que par différents instituts et gestionnaires par tenaires.<br />L’inventaire du lac de Morat réalisé en octobre 2010, sou tenu par les cantons de Vaud et de Fribourg, constitue le premier échantill onnage sur territoire helvétique. Les principaux enseignements mis en évid ence se résument en quelques chiffres :<br />Le lac de Morat, c’est 36 % de perte de biodiversité pisciaire indigène en 170 ans provoqué par :<br />- 100% de désoxygénation en dessous de 20 m de profondeur en fin de stra tification estivale<br />- 15 % de diminution de surface lacustre suite aux travaux de corrections des eaux du Jura<br />- 30 % de réduction des habita ts littoraux structurés en raison de la régulation des amplitudes de nivea ux d’eau intervenue au fil du temps<br />- 28 % d’artificialisation de l inéaire des rives en conséquence d’une urbanisation croissante<br />- 18 % du peuplement ichtyologique constitué d’espèces allochtones.<br />En définitive, la situation écologique du plan d’eau n’est pas optimale.
es sont encore trop fortes pour espérer un retour des espèces polluosensib les (omble, lote, bondelle ou autres petits corégones) et le développement harmonieux de populations de prédateurs autochtones prisés des pêcheurs (brochet).<br />Eu égard à l’intérêt et au rendement halieutique du la c de Morat, les efforts en matière d’épuration méritent d’être pours uivis et un programme de restauration morphologique de la zone littorale ini tié. Un lien avec les projets nationaux de revitalisation des eaux courante s en cours de développe...' (3373 chars)
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authors => protected'Bouille, R. I.' (24 chars)
title => protected'La truite commune (<em>Salmo trutta</em> L.) dans la région du lac de Neuch âtel; biologie et perspectives de gestion' (118 chars)
journal => protected'' (0 chars)
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description => protected'Les recherches sur le polymorphisme* (* signifie un renvoi au glossaire) -do
r sous diverses formes : variations d'ordre comportementales, morphologiques ou de traits d'histoire de vie (life-hisiory). Souvent de telles dissemblan ces morphologiques et comportementales conduisaient le biologiste a créer d es espèces distinctes, et ceci d'autant plus facilement dans les cas où, n 'utilisant pas les mêmes ressources, les niches écologiques occupées par les morphes* étaient différentes. L'outil d'analyse qu'est la génétique a permis de démontrer qu'il s'agissait, indépendamment des comportements e t des rnorphologies, de polymorphisme* au sein d'une même espèce. On trouv era des espèces polymorphes* chez les oiseaux, les mammifères, les reptile s et les amphibiens ainsi que chez tes poissons. Dans l'ichtyofaune, les exe mples tes plus connus sont les corégones (<em>Coregonus spp</em>), la perch e soleil (<em>Lepomis glbbosus</em>), l'épinoche (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatu s</em>), le saumon de fontaine (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>), l'omble che valier (<em>Salvelinus alpinus</em>) et la truite commune (<em>Salmo trutta< /em>). [...]' (1304 chars)
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authors => protected'Müller, R.; Mbwenemo Bia, M.' (39 chars)
title => protected'Poissons à jeun: les petits corégones du lac des Quatre-Cantons. Effets de la re-oligotrophisation sur la population de petits corégones et conséque nces pour l'exploitation piscicole' (186 chars)
journal => protected'In: Petits corégones du lac des Quatre-Cantons' (47 chars)
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authors => protected'Alexander, J.; Spaak, P.; Möst, M.; Straile, D.; Hetzen auer, H.' (89 chars)
title => protected'Ökosystemforschung am Bodensee. Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts "Seewandel : Leben im Bodensee - gestern, heute und morgen"' (124 chars)
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Nährstoffänderungen, invasive Arten und Klimawandel auf das Ökosystem des Sees. Der aktuelle Wandel ist tiefgreifend und mit voraussichtlich weitreic henden Folgen für das komplexe Ökosystemgefüge und die Gewässernutzenden . Am 13. und 14. Juni 2023 schliesst das Projekt mit einem wissenschaftliche n Symposium und einer Informationsveranstaltung für die Praxis ab.' (523 chars)
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authors => protected'Rey, P.; Bosch, N.; Bader, S.; Scholz, B.; Alexander,&nb sp;J.; Spaak, P.; Brinker, A.' (115 chars)
title => protected'Fischbestände des Bodensees. Seewandel-Projekte zeigen Komplexe zusammenhä nge zwischen Wirkfaktoren und Fischbestand' (118 chars)
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description => protected'Die Bodenseefische waren in den vergangenen 60 Jahren starken Nährstoffschw ankungen des Sees unterworfen und sind seit etwas über zehn Jahren auch inv asiv ausbreitenden Neozoen und Klimaänderungen wie kontinuierlich ansteigen den Wassertemperaturen ausgesetzt. Diese Faktoren haben das gesamte aquatisc he Ökosystem Bodensee verändert und mit ihm auch die Fischbestände. «See Wandel» hat die komplexen Zusammenhänge dieser Entwicklung untersucht und aktuelle Daten zu den Fischbeständen des Bodensees geliefert.' (518 chars)
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authors => protected'Rey, P.; Bosch, N.; Alexander, J.; DeWeber, J. T.; Feulner, P. G. D.; Frei, D.; Ogorelec, Ž.; Seehaus en, O.; Straile, D.; Spaak, P.' (197 chars)
title => protected'Felchen im Bodensee - gestern, heute, morgen' (44 chars)
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description => protected'Die drei Felchenarten des Bodensees sind die «Brotfische» der dortigen Ber ufsfischerei. Sie sind sich äusserlich ähnlich und genetisch nahe verwandt , unterscheiden sich aber stark in ihrer Lebensweise. Gegenüber Veränderun gen ihres Lebensraums sind sie empfindlich. Das Projekt «See-Wandel: Leben im Bodensee – gestern, heute und morgen» untersuchte die Bodenseefelchen genetisch und auf Populationsebene. Im Fokus der angewandten Forschung stand der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten neuer Wirkfaktoren und dem aktuelle n Rückgang der Felchenbestände.' (565 chars)
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authors => protected'Altermatt, F.; Graham, C.; Holderegger, R.; Fischer, M.; Klaus, G.' (91 chars)
title => protected'Blau-grüne Biodiversität erkennen, erhalten und fördern. Erkenntnisse aus der Forschungsinitiative «Blue-Green Biodiversity»' (129 chars)
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authors => protected'Altermatt, F.; Boissezon, A.; Hug Peter, D.; Matthews, B .; Peter, A.; Schindler, W.; Schmidt, B.' (131 chars)
title => protected'Biodiversität der Gewässer' (28 chars)
journal => protected'In: Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT), Forum Biodiversität S chweiz; (Eds.), Biodiversität in der Schweiz verstehen und gestalten. Zust and, Entwicklung und Lösungsansätze - Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Monitor ing' (231 chars)
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authors => protected'Aeschlimann, A.; Fehle, P.; Neuhaus, M.; Seehausen, O.; Josi, D.; Wegscheider, B.; Waldock, C.; Calegari, B.&nbs p;B.; Ingold, K.; Fischer, M.; Zinn, N.' (206 chars)
title => protected'Fünf Stossrichtungen zur Förderung der Gewässerbiodiversität. Erste Impu lse des Wyss Academy-Projekts Lanat-3' (113 chars)
journal => protected'Aqua & Gas' (10 chars)
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description => protected'In einer Artikelreihe werden die Erkenntnisse der ersten Phase des Wyss Acad emy-Projekts «Den Biodiversitätsverlust der Gewässer stoppen – trotz Kl imawandel» (LANAT-3) vorgestellt. Der erste Artikel fokussiert auf den part izipativen Prozess in der Testregion «Untere Emme», der der Identifikation von Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätzen rund um den Schutz der Gewässe rbiodiversität diente. Die resultierenden «5 Stossrichtungen zur Förderun g der Gewässerbiodiversität» sind ein Zwischenergebnis. Sie dienen als Gr undlage für die Weiterarbeit und liefern erste Impulse.' (588 chars)
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authors => protected'Brodersen, J.; Seehausen, O.; Hellmann, J.; Vonlanthen, P.' (78 chars)
title => protected'Progetto Fiumi. Standardisierte Erhebung der Fischbiodiversität in Schweize r Fliessgewässern' (94 chars)
journal => protected'Aqua & Gas' (10 chars)
year => protected2023 (integer)
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description => protected'Die Biodiversität in Gewässern ist akut und stark bedroht. Um sie effektiv zu schützen, muss sie bekannt sein. Dazu sind flächendeckende, standardis ierte Untersuchungen der Diversität notwendig. Ebenso sind vertiefte taxono mische Kenntnisse dringend erforderlich, um diese Diversität zu erkennen. I nsbesondere Gewässerlebensräume für gefährdete Arten sollten besser gesc hützt und wiederhergestellt werden.' (416 chars)
serialnumber => protected'2235-5197' (9 chars)
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authors => protected'Guntern, J.; Eichler, A.; Hagedorn, F.; Pellissier, L.; Schwikowski, M.; Seehausen, O.; Stamm, C.; van der Heijden,&n bsp;M.; Waldner, P.; Widmer, I.; Altermatt, F.' (213 chars)
title => protected'Übermässige Stickstoff- und Phosphoreinträge schädigen Biodiversität, W ald und Gewässer' (93 chars)
journal => protected'' (0 chars)
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description => protected'In der Schweiz gelangt nach wie vor zu viel Stickstoff und Phosphor in die U mwelt. Kritische Belastungsgrenzen für Stickstoffeinträge in die Umwelt si nd vielerorts deutlich überschritten. Vor allem die Stickstoff- und Phospho rüberschüsse der Landwirtschaft und die Stickstoffemissionen des Verkehrs belasten die Umwelt und beeinträchtigen die Biodiversität, die Luft, die G ewässer- und Trinkwasserqualität sowie die Waldfunktionen stark. Zudem ver stärken sie den Klimawandel und beeinträchtigen die menschliche Gesundheit . Ursachen wie auch Auswirkungen der übermässigen Einträge sind wissensch aftlich seit Jahrzehnten gut dokumentiert. Allerdings ist kaum eines der die sbezüglichen vom Bundesrat verabschiedeten Reduktionsziele erreicht. Sollen die negativen Effekte auf die Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen verri ngert werden, sind die Ursachen für die übermässigen Einträge dringend a nzugehen. Dieses Faktenblatt zeigt hierzu Handlungsansätze auf.' (976 chars)
serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
doi => protected'10.5281/zenodo.4269631' (22 chars)
uid => protected22058 (integer)
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authors => protected'Guntern, J.; Baur, B.; Ingold, K.; Stamm, C.; Widmer,&nb sp;I.; Wittmer, I.; Altermatt, F.' (119 chars)
title => protected'Pestizide: Auswirkungen auf Umwelt, Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen' (75 chars)
journal => protected'' (0 chars)
year => protected2021 (integer)
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description => protected'Pestizide werden primär in der Landwirtschaft, aber auch im Siedlungsraum u nd in weiteren Bereichen eingesetzt. Als Pflanzenschutzmittel vermindern sie Ertrags- oder Qualitätseinbussen durch Schadorganismen. Der heutige Pestiz
mentiert. Das Faktenblatt nimmt spezifisch die Auswirkungen von Pestiziden a
erwünschten Nebenwirkungen des Pestizideinsatzes auf. Nicht thematisiert we rden im Faktenblatt etwa die Bedeutung von Pestiziden für die landwirtschaf tliche Produktion oder die Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit.' (831 chars)
serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
doi => protected'10.5281/zenodo.4680574' (22 chars)
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authors => protected'Seehausen, O.; Vonlanthen, P.; Selz, O. M.' (62 chars)
title => protected'Beachtliche Vielfalt der Schweizer Felchen. Ergebnisse aus 150 Jahren Forsch ung' (79 chars)
journal => protected'Aqua & Gas' (10 chars)
year => protected2025 (integer)
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description => protected'Die Artenvielfalt der Felchen in den Schweizer Seen ist einzigartig und spie lt eine zentrale Rolle in diesen Ökosystemen. Die hier aufgeführten wissen schaftlichen Erkenntnisse verdeutlichen, dass für den Erhalt dieser Artenvi elfalt und eine langfristig nachhaltige fischereiliche Nutzung die Mechanism en und Umweltbedingungen berücksichtigt werden müssen, die zur Entstehung dieser Arten beigetragen haben. Der Schutz dieser Artenvielfalt in den versc hiedenen Seen trägt dazu bei, das natürliche Ertragspotenzial der Seen als Nahrungsquelle für den Menschen zu bewahren.' (578 chars)
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authors => protected'Selz, O. M.; Vonlanthen, P.; Kreienbühl, T.; Seehausen, O.' (84 chars)
title => protected'Die aussergewöhnliche Vielfalt der Felchen der Schweiz - Ergebnisse aus 150 Jahren Forschung' (93 chars)
journal => protected'' (0 chars)
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description => protected'Die Artenvielfalt der Felchen in den grossen Seen der Schweiz ist einzigarti g. Sie hat sich in den letzten rund 15 000 Jahren entwickelt und spielt eine zentrale Rolle in diesen Ökosystemen, da Felchen natürlicherweise die bei
ifizierte Biomasse stellt seit jeher eine lokale und nachhaltige Nahrungsres source für den Menschen dar. Die Erforschung der Felchenartenvielfalt in de n letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hat unser Verständnis darüber verbessert, wie d iese Vielfalt entstanden ist, wie sie ökologisch und genetisch strukturiert ist, und warum viele Arten in den vergangenen 80 Jahren ausgestorben sind. Die neuen Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass für den Erhalt der verbleibenden Artenv ielfalt und einer langfristig nachhaltigen fischereilichen Nutzung der Felch en die Mechanismen und Umweltbedingungen berücksichtigt werden müssen, die zur Entstehung der Artenvielfalt geführt haben. Der Schutz der Artenvielfa lt und der damit verbundenen ökologischen Vielfalt der Felchen innerhalb ei nes Sees trägt dazu bei, das natürliche Ertragspotenzial des Sees als Nahr ungsquelle für den Menschen zu erhalten.<br />Die Untersuchungen haben auch aufgezeigt, dass das bestehende Fischereimanagement teilweise überdacht un d neue Ansätze entwickelt werden sollten. Zudem müssen Wissenslücken, bei spielsweise im Bereich der Ökologie vieler Felchenarten, geschlossen werden , um auch zukünftig in veränderten Seeökosystemen (z. B. mit Klimawandel und invasiven Neozoen) wissensbasiert handeln zu können. Nur so kann die Ar tenvielfalt langfristig erhalten und nachhaltig genutzt werden.' (1735 chars)
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authors => protected'Pomati, F.; Bryner, A.' (32 chars)
title => protected'Der automatisierte Blick in den See' (35 chars)
journal => protected'Eawag News [dtsch. Ausg.]' (25 chars)
year => protected2012 (integer)
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description => protected'Auch Algen haben einen Biorhythmus. Die Verteilung ihrer Masse, aber auch ih re Artenvielfalt ändern sich im Tag-Nacht-Wechsel ebenso wie über die Jahr eszeit und die Seetiefe. Eine schwimmende Messplattform der Eawag und der ET H Zürich, unterstützt vom Nationalfonds, beschafft nun erstmals genügend hoch aufgelöste Daten, um dieser Dynamik und den treibenden Kräften dahint er auf die Spur zu kommen.' (406 chars)
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authors => protected'Alexander, T. J.; Vonlanthen, P.; Seehausen, O.; Périat , G.; Selz, O. M.; Feulner, P. G. D.' (142 chars)
title => protected'Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischgemeinschaft im Zürichsee' (69 chars)
journal => protected'' (0 chars)
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startpage => protected'104 p' (10 chars)
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categories => protected'See; Fische; Biodiversität; Projet Lac; Zürichsee' (51 chars)
description => protected'Um unsere Gewässer zu schützen und zu bewirtschaften, muss ihr Zustand bek annt sein. Im „Projet Lac" wurden von 2010 bis 2014 die Fischartenzusammen setzung verschiedener Alpenrandseen einmalig zwischen August und Oktober sta ndardisiert erhoben. Dieser Bericht fasst die Resultate für den Zürichsee zusammen. Während sechs Tagen wurden im Jahr 2014 im Zürichsee insgesamt 2 46 standardisierte und reproduzierbare Befischungsaktionen durchgeführt. <b r/>
Der Zürichsee ist ein Beispiel für einen ursprünglich oligotrophen pe rialpinen Flachlandsee, der im Verlauf des letzten Jahrhunderts stark beeint rächtigt wurde. Heute leidet der See nach wie vor unter den Auswirkungen de r Nährstoffbelastung des letzten Jahrhunderts. Dies trifft insbesondere fü r den Untersee zu, dessen tiefere Hälfte nicht von Fischen genutzt werden k ann. Zudem beeinflusst der Klimawandel mit den damit einhergehenden zunehmen den Wassertemperaturen die Stratifikation und vertikale Durchmischung des Un tersees. Dies resultiert in einer schwächeren Winterzirkulation, ein Proble m welches sich laut Klimaprognosen in Zukunft noch verschärfen dürfte, was auch für die Fische weitere Folgen haben wird.<br/>
Die litorale Habitatvi elfalt im Zürichsee ist eher hoch. Im Untersee ist das Litoral allerdings s tark anthropogen beeinflusst, nur ein Viertel des Ufers ist naturnah. Das Uf er des Obersees ist etwas besser erhalten, hier kann 53% des Uferbereichs al
ngen. Alle vorgefundenen Habitattypen sind mit mindestens einer Fischart pos itiv assoziiert, was die Wichtigkeit des Mosaiks von natürlichen Habitaten für eine vielfältige Fischgemeinschaft reflektiert.<br/>
Vor 1900 wurden i m Zürichsee 27 Fischarten dokumentiert. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes wurden i m Obersee 18 Fischarten gefangen. Davon sind 17 Arten im Zürichsee heimisch und eine (Kaulbarsch) g...' (2965 chars)
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Évolution des poissons: quand l'alimentation s'en mêle
Dans les milieux stables, les truites se spécialisent en se partageant les différents types de proies alors qu'elles adoptent un comportement généraliste dans les torrents à l'offre alimentaire instable. De leur côté, les épinoches de différentes lignées évolutives modifient leur environnement de par leur comportement alimentaire. Cela handicape leurs descendantes à moins que celles-ci ne soient hybrides. Pour pouvoir protéger la biodiversité, il est important de bien comprendre de telles relations entre espèces et environnement.
Hunziker, S. (2017) Évolution des poissons: quand l'alimentation s'en mêle, Eawag Newsletter [éd. fr.], 1-4, Institutional Repository
Etude du peuplement pisciaire du Lac de Neuchâtel
L’objectif principal du « Projet Lac » est de déterminer d’une manière standardisée la diversité de l’ichtyofaune peuplant les grands lacs naturels alpins et périalpins. Cet important travail d’investigations est mené par l’EAWAG ainsi que par différents instituts et gestionnaires partenaires. L’inventaire du lac de Neuchâtel réalisé en octobre 2011, soutenu par les cantons de Neuchâtel, de Vaud et de Fribourg, constitue le sixième échantillonnage sur le territoire helvétique. Les principaux enseignements mis en évidence se résument comme suit : En 150 ans, le lac de Neuchâtel a : - perdu, a priori, 4 espèces (saumon atlantique, lamproie fluviatile, jaunet, able de stymphale) - vu une réduction des populations de 7 espèces liées aux cours d'eau (barbeau fluviatile, blageon, hotu, spirlin, ombre, lamproie de planer, anguille) - récupéré, selon Pedroli (1983), la souche lémanique de l'omble chevalier qui actuellement s'est raréfiée. - subi l'intrusion par 10 espèces allochtones dont deux peuvent se rencontrer fréquemment (rotengle du sud et loche de rivière du sud). Au final, sur 32 espèces originelles, 24 ont pu être répertoriées en 2011 par l'échantillonnage du Projet Lac ou déclarées par la pêche, soit 75 %. Parmi ces dernières, la bouvière, la carpe et la truite de lac ont le statut d'espèce menacée selon l'Ordonnance fédérale en la matière (OFSP 923.01). Par ailleurs, la répartition des poissons dans le plan d'eau présente une dichotomie claire. En automne, en aval, les cyprinidés ont tendance à supplanter les corégones qui dominent l'amont. Enfin, sur le bas lac, les perches capturées semblent clairement plus parasitées que sur le haut lac. En sachant que, en milieu aquatique, le degré de parasitisme est proportionnel à la présence de polluants ou de stress environnemental, plus on s'approche de l'exutoire, plus l'ichtyofaune du lac de Neuchâtel apparaît souffrir d'une dégradation de qualité d'eau et/ou des habitats. [...]
Périat, G.; Vonlanthen, P. (2013) Etude du peuplement pisciaire du Lac de Neuchâtel, 48 p, Institutional Repository
Etude du peuplement pisciaire du Lac de Morat
L’objectif principal du « Projet Lac » est de déterminer d’une manière standardisée la diversité de l’ichtyofaune peuplant les grands lacs naturels alpins et périalpins. Cet important travail d’investigations est mené par l’EAWAG ainsi que par différents instituts et gestionnaires partenaires. L’inventaire du lac de Morat réalisé en octobre 2010, soutenu par les cantons de Vaud et de Fribourg, constitue le premier échantillonnage sur territoire helvétique. Les principaux enseignements mis en évidence se résument en quelques chiffres : Le lac de Morat, c’est 36 % de perte de biodiversité pisciaire indigène en 170 ans provoqué par : - 100% de désoxygénation en dessous de 20 m de profondeur en fin de stratification estivale - 15 % de diminution de surface lacustre suite aux travaux de corrections des eaux du Jura - 30 % de réduction des habitats littoraux structurés en raison de la régulation des amplitudes de niveaux d’eau intervenue au fil du temps - 28 % d’artificialisation de linéaire des rives en conséquence d’une urbanisation croissante - 18 % du peuplement ichtyologique constitué d’espèces allochtones. En définitive, la situation écologique du plan d’eau n’est pas optimale. Elle est certes meilleure qu’au paroxysme de la pollution organique du 20ème siècle, mais les intrants polluants et les perturbations physiques subies sont encore trop fortes pour espérer un retour des espèces polluosensibles (omble, lote, bondelle ou autres petits corégones) et le développement harmonieux de populations de prédateurs autochtones prisés des pêcheurs (brochet). Eu égard à l’intérêt et au rendement halieutique du lac de Morat, les efforts en matière d’épuration méritent d’être poursuivis et un programme de restauration morphologique de la zone littorale initié. Un lien avec les projets nationaux de revitalisation des eaux courantes en cours de développement devrait, en ce sens, être recherché. Cette politique devrait également inclure une remise en question de l’artificialisation totale actuelle du régime hydrologique. Il est, par ailleurs, important de préciser que les résultats du « Projet lac » pourront à l’avenir servir à estimer l’efficacité des mesures réalisées et les 427 poissons, conservés durablement par le Musée d’histoire naturelle de Berne, de matériel biologique de référence pour des analyses génétiques, morphométriques et/ou écotoxicologiques. Enfin, et dans une moindre mesure, l’exploitation halieutique actuelle contribue à la perturbation écologique du Lac de Morat : en ciblant les prédateurs (brochet, sandre, perche, silure), elle induit un déséquilibre du peuplement pisciaire. C’est pourquoi, des recommandations de modification de législation sont proposées. Pour autant qu’elles soient retenues par les gestionnaires, elles devront être discutées en détail avec les milieux de la pêche. D’ici là, il serait idéal que les Cantons de Vaud et Fribourg s’intéressent à la problématique de contamination en micropolluants et en métaux de chaque compartiment du plan d’eau, dont l’impact en biologie aquatique n’est plus à démontrer et pour lequel peu de données sont actuellement disponibles à l’échelle des peuplements.
La truite commune (Salmo trutta L.) dans la région du lac de Neuchâtel; biologie et perspectives de gestion
Les recherches sur le polymorphisme* (* signifie un renvoi au glossaire) -dont une revue est présentée par Skúlason & Smith (1995)- ont démontré une variabilité élevée au sein de plusieurs espèces, pouvant s'exprimer sous diverses formes : variations d'ordre comportementales, morphologiques ou de traits d'histoire de vie (life-hisiory). Souvent de telles dissemblances morphologiques et comportementales conduisaient le biologiste a créer des espèces distinctes, et ceci d'autant plus facilement dans les cas où, n'utilisant pas les mêmes ressources, les niches écologiques occupées par les morphes* étaient différentes. L'outil d'analyse qu'est la génétique a permis de démontrer qu'il s'agissait, indépendamment des comportements et des rnorphologies, de polymorphisme* au sein d'une même espèce. On trouvera des espèces polymorphes* chez les oiseaux, les mammifères, les reptiles et les amphibiens ainsi que chez tes poissons. Dans l'ichtyofaune, les exemples tes plus connus sont les corégones (Coregonus spp), la perche soleil (Lepomis glbbosus), l'épinoche (Gasterosteus aculeatus), le saumon de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis), l'omble chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus) et la truite commune (Salmo trutta). [...]
Bouille, R. I. (2003) La truite commune (Salmo trutta L.) dans la région du lac de Neuchâtel; biologie et perspectives de gestion, 142 p, Institutional Repository
Müller, R.; Mbwenemo Bia, M. (2001) Poissons à jeun: les petits corégones du lac des Quatre-Cantons. Effets de la re-oligotrophisation sur la population de petits corégones et conséquences pour l'exploitation piscicole, In: Petits corégones du lac des Quatre-Cantons, 37-49, Institutional Repository
Ökosystemforschung am Bodensee. Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts "Seewandel: Leben im Bodensee - gestern, heute und morgen"
Während fünfeinhalb Jahren untersuchten Forschende aus den drei Bodenseeländern den Einfluss und die Wechselwirkung verschiedener Stressfaktoren wie Nährstoffänderungen, invasive Arten und Klimawandel auf das Ökosystem des Sees. Der aktuelle Wandel ist tiefgreifend und mit voraussichtlich weitreichenden Folgen für das komplexe Ökosystemgefüge und die Gewässernutzenden. Am 13. und 14. Juni 2023 schliesst das Projekt mit einem wissenschaftlichen Symposium und einer Informationsveranstaltung für die Praxis ab.
Alexander, J.; Spaak, P.; Möst, M.; Straile, D.; Hetzenauer, H. (2023) Ökosystemforschung am Bodensee. Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts "Seewandel: Leben im Bodensee - gestern, heute und morgen", Aqua & Gas, 103(6), 54-59, Institutional Repository
Fischbestände des Bodensees. Seewandel-Projekte zeigen Komplexe zusammenhänge zwischen Wirkfaktoren und Fischbestand
Die Bodenseefische waren in den vergangenen 60 Jahren starken Nährstoffschwankungen des Sees unterworfen und sind seit etwas über zehn Jahren auch invasiv ausbreitenden Neozoen und Klimaänderungen wie kontinuierlich ansteigenden Wassertemperaturen ausgesetzt. Diese Faktoren haben das gesamte aquatische Ökosystem Bodensee verändert und mit ihm auch die Fischbestände. «SeeWandel» hat die komplexen Zusammenhänge dieser Entwicklung untersucht und aktuelle Daten zu den Fischbeständen des Bodensees geliefert.
Rey, P.; Bosch, N.; Bader, S.; Scholz, B.; Alexander, J.; Spaak, P.; Brinker, A. (2023) Fischbestände des Bodensees. Seewandel-Projekte zeigen Komplexe zusammenhänge zwischen Wirkfaktoren und Fischbestand, Aqua & Gas, 103(7-8), 74-81, Institutional Repository
Felchen im Bodensee - gestern, heute, morgen
Die drei Felchenarten des Bodensees sind die «Brotfische» der dortigen Berufsfischerei. Sie sind sich äusserlich ähnlich und genetisch nahe verwandt, unterscheiden sich aber stark in ihrer Lebensweise. Gegenüber Veränderungen ihres Lebensraums sind sie empfindlich. Das Projekt «See-Wandel: Leben im Bodensee – gestern, heute und morgen» untersuchte die Bodenseefelchen genetisch und auf Populationsebene. Im Fokus der angewandten Forschung stand der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten neuer Wirkfaktoren und dem aktuellen Rückgang der Felchenbestände.
Rey, P.; Bosch, N.; Alexander, J.; DeWeber, J. T.; Feulner, P. G. D.; Frei, D.; Ogorelec, Ž.; Seehausen, O.; Straile, D.; Spaak, P. (2023) Felchen im Bodensee - gestern, heute, morgen, Aqua & Gas, 103(7-8), 82-88, Institutional Repository
Altermatt, F.; Graham, C.; Holderegger, R.; Fischer, M.; Klaus, G. (2024) Blau-grüne Biodiversität erkennen, erhalten und fördern. Erkenntnisse aus der Forschungsinitiative «Blue-Green Biodiversity», 55 p, Institutional Repository
Altermatt, F.; Boissezon, A.; Hug Peter, D.; Matthews, B.; Peter, A.; Schindler, W.; Schmidt, B. (2026) Biodiversität der Gewässer, In: Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT), Forum Biodiversität Schweiz; (Eds.), Biodiversität in der Schweiz verstehen und gestalten. Zustand, Entwicklung und Lösungsansätze - Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Monitoring, 158-190, Institutional Repository
Fünf Stossrichtungen zur Förderung der Gewässerbiodiversität. Erste Impulse des Wyss Academy-Projekts Lanat-3
In einer Artikelreihe werden die Erkenntnisse der ersten Phase des Wyss Academy-Projekts «Den Biodiversitätsverlust der Gewässer stoppen – trotz Klimawandel» (LANAT-3) vorgestellt. Der erste Artikel fokussiert auf den partizipativen Prozess in der Testregion «Untere Emme», der der Identifikation von Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätzen rund um den Schutz der Gewässerbiodiversität diente. Die resultierenden «5 Stossrichtungen zur Förderung der Gewässerbiodiversität» sind ein Zwischenergebnis. Sie dienen als Grundlage für die Weiterarbeit und liefern erste Impulse.
Aeschlimann, A.; Fehle, P.; Neuhaus, M.; Seehausen, O.; Josi, D.; Wegscheider, B.; Waldock, C.; Calegari, B. B.; Ingold, K.; Fischer, M.; Zinn, N. (2024) Fünf Stossrichtungen zur Förderung der Gewässerbiodiversität. Erste Impulse des Wyss Academy-Projekts Lanat-3, Aqua & Gas, 104(6), 50-54, Institutional Repository
Progetto Fiumi. Standardisierte Erhebung der Fischbiodiversität in Schweizer Fliessgewässern
Die Biodiversität in Gewässern ist akut und stark bedroht. Um sie effektiv zu schützen, muss sie bekannt sein. Dazu sind flächendeckende, standardisierte Untersuchungen der Diversität notwendig. Ebenso sind vertiefte taxonomische Kenntnisse dringend erforderlich, um diese Diversität zu erkennen. Insbesondere Gewässerlebensräume für gefährdete Arten sollten besser geschützt und wiederhergestellt werden.
Brodersen, J.; Seehausen, O.; Hellmann, J.; Vonlanthen, P. (2023) Progetto Fiumi. Standardisierte Erhebung der Fischbiodiversität in Schweizer Fliessgewässern, Aqua & Gas, 103(4), 50-60, Institutional Repository
Übermässige Stickstoff- und Phosphoreinträge schädigen Biodiversität, Wald und Gewässer
In der Schweiz gelangt nach wie vor zu viel Stickstoff und Phosphor in die Umwelt. Kritische Belastungsgrenzen für Stickstoffeinträge in die Umwelt sind vielerorts deutlich überschritten. Vor allem die Stickstoff- und Phosphorüberschüsse der Landwirtschaft und die Stickstoffemissionen des Verkehrs belasten die Umwelt und beeinträchtigen die Biodiversität, die Luft, die Gewässer- und Trinkwasserqualität sowie die Waldfunktionen stark. Zudem verstärken sie den Klimawandel und beeinträchtigen die menschliche Gesundheit. Ursachen wie auch Auswirkungen der übermässigen Einträge sind wissenschaftlich seit Jahrzehnten gut dokumentiert. Allerdings ist kaum eines der diesbezüglichen vom Bundesrat verabschiedeten Reduktionsziele erreicht. Sollen die negativen Effekte auf die Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen verringert werden, sind die Ursachen für die übermässigen Einträge dringend anzugehen. Dieses Faktenblatt zeigt hierzu Handlungsansätze auf.
Guntern, J.; Eichler, A.; Hagedorn, F.; Pellissier, L.; Schwikowski, M.; Seehausen, O.; Stamm, C.; van der Heijden, M.; Waldner, P.; Widmer, I.; Altermatt, F. (2020) Übermässige Stickstoff- und Phosphoreinträge schädigen Biodiversität, Wald und Gewässer, 8 p, doi:10.5281/zenodo.4269631, Institutional Repository
Pestizide: Auswirkungen auf Umwelt, Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen
Pestizide werden primär in der Landwirtschaft, aber auch im Siedlungsraum und in weiteren Bereichen eingesetzt. Als Pflanzenschutzmittel vermindern sie Ertrags- oder Qualitätseinbussen durch Schadorganismen. Der heutige Pestizideinsatz belastet aber die Umwelt und insbesondere die Biodiversität beträchtlich. Trotz Wissenslücken sind die unerwünschten Auswirkungen gut dokumentiert. Das Faktenblatt nimmt spezifisch die Auswirkungen von Pestiziden auf Umwelt, Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen in den Blick und zeigt mögliche Handlungsansätze für Politik und Gesellschaft zur Reduktion der unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen des Pestizideinsatzes auf. Nicht thematisiert werden im Faktenblatt etwa die Bedeutung von Pestiziden für die landwirtschaftliche Produktion oder die Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit.
Guntern, J.; Baur, B.; Ingold, K.; Stamm, C.; Widmer, I.; Wittmer, I.; Altermatt, F. (2021) Pestizide: Auswirkungen auf Umwelt, Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen, 12 p, doi:10.5281/zenodo.4680574, Institutional Repository
Beachtliche Vielfalt der Schweizer Felchen. Ergebnisse aus 150 Jahren Forschung
Die Artenvielfalt der Felchen in den Schweizer Seen ist einzigartig und spielt eine zentrale Rolle in diesen Ökosystemen. Die hier aufgeführten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse verdeutlichen, dass für den Erhalt dieser Artenvielfalt und eine langfristig nachhaltige fischereiliche Nutzung die Mechanismen und Umweltbedingungen berücksichtigt werden müssen, die zur Entstehung dieser Arten beigetragen haben. Der Schutz dieser Artenvielfalt in den verschiedenen Seen trägt dazu bei, das natürliche Ertragspotenzial der Seen als Nahrungsquelle für den Menschen zu bewahren.
Seehausen, O.; Vonlanthen, P.; Selz, O. M. (2025) Beachtliche Vielfalt der Schweizer Felchen. Ergebnisse aus 150 Jahren Forschung, Aqua & Gas, 64-73, Institutional Repository
Die aussergewöhnliche Vielfalt der Felchen der Schweiz - Ergebnisse aus 150 Jahren Forschung
Die Artenvielfalt der Felchen in den grossen Seen der Schweiz ist einzigartig. Sie hat sich in den letzten rund 15 000 Jahren entwickelt und spielt eine zentrale Rolle in diesen Ökosystemen, da Felchen natürlicherweise die bei weitem grösste Fischbiomasse in allen Lebensräumen der grösseren Seen – mit Ausnahme der flachen Uferzonen – darstellen. Diese grosse und diversifizierte Biomasse stellt seit jeher eine lokale und nachhaltige Nahrungsressource für den Menschen dar. Die Erforschung der Felchenartenvielfalt in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hat unser Verständnis darüber verbessert, wie diese Vielfalt entstanden ist, wie sie ökologisch und genetisch strukturiert ist, und warum viele Arten in den vergangenen 80 Jahren ausgestorben sind. Die neuen Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass für den Erhalt der verbleibenden Artenvielfalt und einer langfristig nachhaltigen fischereilichen Nutzung der Felchen die Mechanismen und Umweltbedingungen berücksichtigt werden müssen, die zur Entstehung der Artenvielfalt geführt haben. Der Schutz der Artenvielfalt und der damit verbundenen ökologischen Vielfalt der Felchen innerhalb eines Sees trägt dazu bei, das natürliche Ertragspotenzial des Sees als Nahrungsquelle für den Menschen zu erhalten. Die Untersuchungen haben auch aufgezeigt, dass das bestehende Fischereimanagement teilweise überdacht und neue Ansätze entwickelt werden sollten. Zudem müssen Wissenslücken, beispielsweise im Bereich der Ökologie vieler Felchenarten, geschlossen werden, um auch zukünftig in veränderten Seeökosystemen (z. B. mit Klimawandel und invasiven Neozoen) wissensbasiert handeln zu können. Nur so kann die Artenvielfalt langfristig erhalten und nachhaltig genutzt werden.
Selz, O. M.; Vonlanthen, P.; Kreienbühl, T.; Seehausen, O. (2025) Die aussergewöhnliche Vielfalt der Felchen der Schweiz - Ergebnisse aus 150 Jahren Forschung, 280 p, Institutional Repository
Der automatisierte Blick in den See
Auch Algen haben einen Biorhythmus. Die Verteilung ihrer Masse, aber auch ihre Artenvielfalt ändern sich im Tag-Nacht-Wechsel ebenso wie über die Jahreszeit und die Seetiefe. Eine schwimmende Messplattform der Eawag und der ETH Zürich, unterstützt vom Nationalfonds, beschafft nun erstmals genügend hoch aufgelöste Daten, um dieser Dynamik und den treibenden Kräften dahinter auf die Spur zu kommen.
Pomati, F.; Bryner, A. (2012) Der automatisierte Blick in den See, Eawag News [dtsch. Ausg.], 73, 28-31, Institutional Repository
Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischgemeinschaft im Zürichsee
Um unsere Gewässer zu schützen und zu bewirtschaften, muss ihr Zustand bekannt sein. Im „Projet Lac" wurden von 2010 bis 2014 die Fischartenzusammensetzung verschiedener Alpenrandseen einmalig zwischen August und Oktober standardisiert erhoben. Dieser Bericht fasst die Resultate für den Zürichsee zusammen. Während sechs Tagen wurden im Jahr 2014 im Zürichsee insgesamt 246 standardisierte und reproduzierbare Befischungsaktionen durchgeführt.
Der Zürichsee ist ein Beispiel für einen ursprünglich oligotrophen perialpinen Flachlandsee, der im Verlauf des letzten Jahrhunderts stark beeinträchtigt wurde. Heute leidet der See nach wie vor unter den Auswirkungen der Nährstoffbelastung des letzten Jahrhunderts. Dies trifft insbesondere für den Untersee zu, dessen tiefere Hälfte nicht von Fischen genutzt werden kann. Zudem beeinflusst der Klimawandel mit den damit einhergehenden zunehmenden Wassertemperaturen die Stratifikation und vertikale Durchmischung des Untersees. Dies resultiert in einer schwächeren Winterzirkulation, ein Problem welches sich laut Klimaprognosen in Zukunft noch verschärfen dürfte, was auch für die Fische weitere Folgen haben wird.
Die litorale Habitatvielfalt im Zürichsee ist eher hoch. Im Untersee ist das Litoral allerdings stark anthropogen beeinflusst, nur ein Viertel des Ufers ist naturnah. Das Ufer des Obersees ist etwas besser erhalten, hier kann 53% des Uferbereichs als naturnah bezeichnet werden. Die Verbauungen stehen in beiden Seebecken grösstenteils in Zusammenhang mit Hafenanlagen, Strassen am Seeufer und Siedlungen. Alle vorgefundenen Habitattypen sind mit mindestens einer Fischart positiv assoziiert, was die Wichtigkeit des Mosaiks von natürlichen Habitaten für eine vielfältige Fischgemeinschaft reflektiert.
Vor 1900 wurden im Zürichsee 27 Fischarten dokumentiert. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes wurden im Obersee 18 Fischarten gefangen. Davon sind 17 Arten im Zürichsee heimisch und eine (Kaulbarsch) gilt als standortfremd. Im Untersee wurden 20 Arten gefangen, wovon 16 als im Zürichsee heimisch gelten, der Kaulbarsch, Sonnenbarsch, Karpfen und die Schwarzfeder sind standortfremd. Im Obersee konnten drei Felchenarten nachgewiesen werden, Häglinge/Albeli (Coregonus heglingus), Schweber (C. zuerichensis) und Sandfelchen (C. duplex). Im Untersee hingegen konnten nur Schweber und Sandfelchen gefangen werden.
Anhand dieser Daten konnte zudem ein Einblick in die Bestände von nicht oder wenig befischten Arten, sowie nicht befischten Fischgrössen, erlangt werden. Weiter wurde auch klar, wie sich die Fische im See und über die Habitate verteilen und damit konnten Defizite in der Qualität der Lebensräume, z.B. in der Tiefe des Sees, oder bei den Uferstrukturen, identifiziert werden. Die daraus gewonnenen Resultate können in Zukunft als Vergleich für die Entwicklung der Fischzusammensetzung im Zürichsee herangezogen werden.
Alexander, T. J.; Vonlanthen, P.; Seehausen, O.; Périat, G.; Selz, O. M.; Feulner, P. G. D. (2017) Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischgemeinschaft im Zürichsee, 104 p, Institutional Repository
Guide pour l'analyse de la consommation d'oxygène et de la production nette de l'écosystème (en allemand)
Publication Eawag & EPFL
Ce guide pratique fournit des indications pour l'analyse de la consommation d'oxygène et de la production nette de l'écosystème dans les lacs. Ces deux paramètres constituent des bases importantes pour évaluer la santé des lacs et permettent d'étudier leur évolution dans le temps. Publication en allemand.
La modélisation comme outil de gestion des Lacs en Suisse. Exemple du phosphore
Article en "Aqua & Gas" avec la participation de l'Eawag
L’état global de la qualité des lacs en Suisse a tendance à s’améliorer, mais de nombreux problèmes d’oxygénation dans le fond des lacs persistent. Ce phénomène, lié aux concentrations actuelles et passées de phosphore, demeure préoccupant. La modélisation au coeur de cette étude vise à guider le choix d'approches simples mais appropriées pour la gestion des lacs. Deux exemples d’applications pour les lacs de Schiffenen et de Baldegg sont illustrés.
L'algue rouge du lac de Constance: espèce dominante ou visiteuse occasionnelle ? (en allemand)
Fiche d'information du projet SeeWandel
Cette fiche d'information fournit des données générales sur l'algue toxique Plankthotrix rubescens, sa présence dans le lac de Constance et son évolution future sous l'effet du changement climatique. En allemand.
Qualité des matières en suspension du Léman. Évaluation écotoxicologique et chimique
Article en "Aqua & Gas"
Les matières en suspension jouent un rôle central dans les lacs en transportant et en stockant divers polluants. Issues des apports du bassin versant ou de processus internes, elles sont à l'interface entre la colonne d’eau et le sédiment. Leur écotoxicité potentielle constitue un indicateur pertinent de l'état de santé global du lac. Grâce à la plateforme LéXPLORE, nous avons réalisé un suivi mensuel de la qualité écotoxicologique et chimique des matières en suspension du Léman pendant une année.
Autres publications pratiques sur l'eutrophisation, les nutriments et les polluants
Autres publications pratiques sur l'eutrophisation, les nutriments et les polluants [UPDATE FR CONTENT]
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authors => protected'Vivien, R.; Ferrari, B.' (33 chars)
title => protected'Evaluation de l'état écologique des sédiments des lacs de Morat et Lioson à l'aide de l'examen des peuplements d'oligochètes' (129 chars)
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du canton de Vaud (DGE) et porte spécifi-quement sur l'étude des peuplemen ts d'oligochètes. Les oligochètes aquatiques comprennent un grand nombre d 'espèces allant de sensibles à résistants aux pollutions et jouent un rô le important dans la minéralisation de la matière organique des sédiments . L'analyse des peuplements d'oli-gochètes d'un lac permet d'évaluer la qu alité biologique des sédiments et d'estimer la capacité des sédiments à assimiler et à recycler les substances nutritives. Les oligochètes sont c lassés en 4 groupes écologiques: le groupe 1 comprend les taxons sensibles aux pollutions chimiques (type toxique et/ou eutrophisation), le groupe 2 l es taxons moyennement résistants aux pollutions chimiques (type toxique et/ ou eutrophisation), le groupe 3 les taxons indicateurs de dystrophie naturel le (matière organique des sédiments peu assimilable) et le groupe 4 les ta xons résistants aux pollutions chimiques (type toxique et/ou eutrophisation ). Les prélèvements d’oligochètes ont été effectués au niveau de deu x transects dans le lac de Morat (profondeurs faible, moyenne et maximale) e t d’un transect dans le lac Lioson (profondeurs moyenne et maximale). Les résultats des oligochètes ont montré au niveau de tous les sites (deux la cs) une potentialité moyenne à forte des sédiments à recycler et assimil er la matière organique. Tous les sites du lac de Morat contenaient une abs ence ou de très faibles pourcentages de taxons sensibles aux pollutions et des pourcentages assez élevés à élevés de taxons résistants aux pollut ions. Les pourcentages de taxons résistants sont de plus probablement nette ment sous-estimés par l’analyse morpholo-gie. Une pollution des sédiment s est suspectée au niveau de chaque site de ce lac. Dans le lac Lioson, les peuplements d’oligoch...' (2925 chars)
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authors => protected'Babut, M.; Cattaneo, F.; Raymond, J.-C.; Ferrari, B.; Ve nisseau, A.; Veyrand, B.; Marchand, P.' (129 chars)
title => protected'Micropolluants organiques dans les poissons du Leman organic micropollutants in Lake Geneva fish' (96 chars)
journal => protected'In: Programme quinquennal 2016-2020. Campagne 2018' (50 chars)
year => protected2019 (integer)
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description => protected'Cette campagne de mesures s'est intéressée à la contamination par le merc ure et par une gamme étendue de composés organiques, notamment les polychl orbiphényles (PCB), les polybromodiphényl-éthers (PDBE), l'hexabromocyclo dodécane (HBCDD), les chloroalcanes (C10-C13), le perfluorooctane sulfonate (PDFOS), et divers retadateurs de flamme chez des gardons (N= 27) et des lo tes (N=18) collectés en juin 2018 dans plusieurs secteurs du lac. La métho dologie s'est inspirée du cadre d'élaboration de la surveillance de l'éta t chimique dans le biote dans les Etats membres de l'Union Européenne. Les résultats ont été interprétés par rapport au risque pour la faune pisci vore. [...]<br /><br />
A sampling campaign was carried out in June 2018 tho ughout the lake, targeting roaches (N= 27) and burbots (N=18). Mercury, and a range of organic chemicals including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polybromi nated phenyl-ethers (PBDEs), hecabromocyclododécane (HBCDD), chlorinated al kanes (C10-C13), perfluoro-octane sulfonate (PFOS) and various flame etardan ts were analyzed in whole fish. Overall, the approach was derived from the m ethodological framework elaborated in the European Union for monitoring the chemical contamination of biota. Results were interpreted in terms of risk f or piscivorous species. [...]' (1321 chars)
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authors => protected'Loizeau, J.-L.; Makri, S.; Arpagaus, P.; Ferrari, B.; Ca sado-Martinez, C.; Benejam, T.; Marchand, P.' (135 chars)
title => protected'Micropolluants métalliques et organiques dans les sédiments superficiels d u Léman' (84 chars)
journal => protected'In: Programme quinquennal 2011-2015. Campagne 2016' (50 chars)
year => protected2017 (integer)
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description => protected'The last global assessment of the contamination of Lake Geneva surface sedim ents (metals and nutrients) was carried out in 1988. A new survey was needed to assess the current state of surface sediments with respect to metallic a nd organic micropollutants. The present study is based on the analysis of i) sedimentological parameters and trace metals at 80 sites; ii) phosphorus an d its chemical forms on 50 sites; iii) 54 substances distributed in 12 group s of organic micropollutants (PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, etc.) on 31 sites; and iv) 24 substances poorly documented for Lake Geneva (dioxins, PFOS, bromina ted flame retardants, ...) on 5 sites for an exploratory study. In addition, ecotoxicological tests based on the growth and mortality of ostracod Hetero cypris incongruens were carried out at 30 sites to compare the results with the micropollutant levels.<br />
Most measured substances on the 80 and 31 s ites were detected. For trace metals, concentrations generally have values t wo to three times higher than the natural background, except for mercury tha t is up to 20 times more concentrated. Metal concentrations are similar to t hose measured in 1988, with the exception of mercury, which shows a marked o verall decrease in concentrations. For organic micropollutants, their distri bution follows two main trends: an increase with the remoteness of the Rhone River mouth (DDT, PCB, etc.), or a quite homogeneous distribution over the whole lake but with some higher values close to the lakeshore (e.g. PBDE, En dosulfan).<br />
The median concentrations of the main groups of organic sub stances are ΣPAH 781 μg/kg ; Σ7PCBi 8.78 μg/kg; ΣDDT 2.87 μg/kg; ΣHCH 0.86 μg/kg; Σ7PBDEi 0.12 μg/kg.<br />
The exploratory study at 5 sites r evealed the presence of dioxins and furans, hexabromocyclododecane and perfl uorinated compounds.<br />
The site of Vidy Bay off Lausanne remains the mos t contaminated site of the lake, both for metals and most organic substances , with: Hg 2.44 μg/kg; ...' (2626 chars)
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authors => protected'Beauvais, R.; Vivien, R.; Casado, C.; Ferrari, B.' (69 chars)
title => protected'Sedimentqualität des Seealpsees: Vorkommen von Mikroplastik und reifenassoz iierten Chemikalien, ökotoxiko-logische und biologische Bewertung' (142 chars)
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description => protected'Der Gewässerschutzdienst des Kantons Appenzell Innerrhoden beauftragte das Oekotoxzent-rum mit der Messung von Mikroplastik in Sedimentproben, die an z wei verschiedenen Stellen des Seealpsees entnommen wurden und mit der parall elen Durchführung eines ökotoxikologi-schen Tests (Ostrakoden-Test) an die sen Proben. Das Oekotoxzentrum ergänzte die Untersu-chungen an diesen Stand orten mit Messungen von reifenassoziierten Chemikalien in den Se-dimentprobe n und die Untersuchung von in-situ Oligochaeten-Gemeinschaften. Die chemisch en Analysen der Sedimente zeigten eine gewisse Verschmutzung durch Mikroplas tik und das Vor-handensein einiger reifenassoziierter Chemikalien in signifi kanten Konzentrationen. Die Quellen für diese Verschmutzung könnten sowohl der atmosphärische Staub als auch die Freizeitaktivi-täten rund um den Se e sein. Die Ergebnisse der biologischen und ökotoxikologischen Untersu-chun gen deuten darauf hin, dass die Qualität der Sedimente, durch das Vorhanden sein von Verunreinigungen und/oder eine Eutrophierung, verändert ist.' (1058 chars)
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authors => protected'Guntern, J.; Eichler, A.; Hagedorn, F.; Pellissier, L.; Schwikowski, M.; Seehausen, O.; Stamm, C.; van der Heijden,&n bsp;M.; Waldner, P.; Widmer, I.; Altermatt, F.' (213 chars)
title => protected'Übermässige Stickstoff- und Phosphoreinträge schädigen Biodiversität, W ald und Gewässer' (93 chars)
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description => protected'In der Schweiz gelangt nach wie vor zu viel Stickstoff und Phosphor in die U mwelt. Kritische Belastungsgrenzen für Stickstoffeinträge in die Umwelt si nd vielerorts deutlich überschritten. Vor allem die Stickstoff- und Phospho rüberschüsse der Landwirtschaft und die Stickstoffemissionen des Verkehrs belasten die Umwelt und beeinträchtigen die Biodiversität, die Luft, die G ewässer- und Trinkwasserqualität sowie die Waldfunktionen stark. Zudem ver stärken sie den Klimawandel und beeinträchtigen die menschliche Gesundheit . Ursachen wie auch Auswirkungen der übermässigen Einträge sind wissensch aftlich seit Jahrzehnten gut dokumentiert. Allerdings ist kaum eines der die sbezüglichen vom Bundesrat verabschiedeten Reduktionsziele erreicht. Sollen die negativen Effekte auf die Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen verri ngert werden, sind die Ursachen für die übermässigen Einträge dringend a nzugehen. Dieses Faktenblatt zeigt hierzu Handlungsansätze auf.' (976 chars)
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authors => protected'Jordi, B.; Wüest, A.; Bürgi, H.; Müller, R.; Jakob,&n bsp;A.; Huggenberger, P.' (105 chars)
title => protected'Brienzersee: ein Ökosystem unter der Lupe. Resultate des Forschungsprojekts zum Rückgang des Planktons und der Felchenerträge' (128 chars)
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description => protected'1999 fingen die Berufsfischer im Brienzersee plötzlich und unerwartet kaum noch Felchen. Der jährliche Ertrag brach auf weniger als 2 Tonnen ein, nach dem in den späten 1970er-Jahren noch 40 Tonnen gefangen wurden. Gleichzeiti g stellten die Fachleute des Gewässerschutzamtes fest, dass auch die Wasser flöhe (Daphnien) verschwunden waren, von welchen sich die Felchen hauptsäc hlich ernähren. Zwar gab es verschiedene Vermutungen über mögliche Hinter gründe, jedoch kaum überzeugende Beweise. Da keine "Zeugen" zu vernehmen w aren und der Brienzersee sowieso die "Aussage verweigert", entschied sich de r Kanton Bern für einen wissenschaftlichen "Indizienprozess" – ein nachtr ägliches Erforschen des "Tathergangs" in diesem einzigartigen Ökosystem.<b r />Im Auftrag des Kantons haben Fachleute verschiedener Institute im See un d in seinem Einzugsgebiet während über zwei Jahren tausende von Daten erho ben, ausgewertet und zu einem in sich konsistenten Bild zusammengefügt. Die se aufwändigen Untersuchungen haben Resultate geliefert, mit denen sich die Vorgänge von 1999 im Brienzersee überzeugend rekonstruieren lassen. Wie i mmer in der Naturwissenschaft, weisen Erhebungen in der Umwelt natürliche S chwankungen auf: So haben wir zum Beispiel 2003 völlig ungeplant den Jahrta usendsommer und 2005 ein gewaltiges Hochwasser erfasst. Viele Zahlen dieser Broschüre weisen deshalb übliche Ungenauigkeiten von gegen 20 Prozent auf – das ist unvermeidlich und liegt in der Natur der Sache.<br />Bei allen G renzen, welche die Natur der Wissenschaft setzt – die entscheidenden Ergeb nisse der Studie sind hieb- und stichfest. So wissen wir, dass sich der Brie nzersee heute natürlicherweise in einem äusserst nährstoffarmen Zustand b efindet, dessen geringe Algen- und damit Zooplankton-Produktion auch künfti g keine grösseren Fischfangerträge erlaubt. Diese waren in den 1970er-Jahr en nur deshalb so hoch, weil das Abwasser damals weitgehend ungeklärt in de n See gelangte. Nachgewi...' (2264 chars)
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Evaluation de l'état écologique des sédiments des lacs de Morat et Lioson à l'aide de l'examen des peuplements d'oligochètes
Le présent travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du monitoring 2024 de la qualité des lacs de Morat et Lioson de la Direction générale de l'environnement du canton de Vaud (DGE) et porte spécifi-quement sur l'étude des peuplements d'oligochètes. Les oligochètes aquatiques comprennent un grand nombre d'espèces allant de sensibles à résistants aux pollutions et jouent un rôle important dans la minéralisation de la matière organique des sédiments. L'analyse des peuplements d'oli-gochètes d'un lac permet d'évaluer la qualité biologique des sédiments et d'estimer la capacité des sédiments à assimiler et à recycler les substances nutritives. Les oligochètes sont classés en 4 groupes écologiques: le groupe 1 comprend les taxons sensibles aux pollutions chimiques (type toxique et/ou eutrophisation), le groupe 2 les taxons moyennement résistants aux pollutions chimiques (type toxique et/ou eutrophisation), le groupe 3 les taxons indicateurs de dystrophie naturelle (matière organique des sédiments peu assimilable) et le groupe 4 les taxons résistants aux pollutions chimiques (type toxique et/ou eutrophisation). Les prélèvements d’oligochètes ont été effectués au niveau de deux transects dans le lac de Morat (profondeurs faible, moyenne et maximale) et d’un transect dans le lac Lioson (profondeurs moyenne et maximale). Les résultats des oligochètes ont montré au niveau de tous les sites (deux lacs) une potentialité moyenne à forte des sédiments à recycler et assimiler la matière organique. Tous les sites du lac de Morat contenaient une absence ou de très faibles pourcentages de taxons sensibles aux pollutions et des pourcentages assez élevés à élevés de taxons résistants aux pollutions. Les pourcentages de taxons résistants sont de plus probablement nettement sous-estimés par l’analyse morpholo-gie. Une pollution des sédiments est suspectée au niveau de chaque site de ce lac. Dans le lac Lioson, les peuplements d’oligochètes indiquaient une très bonne qualité biologique des sédi-ments à la profondeur moyenne et une mauvaise qualité biologique des sédiments à la zone profonde. La zone profonde de ce lac contenait 96% de Tubificinae avec soies capillaires non identifiables à l'état immature qui pourraient appartenir aux groupes 3 ou 4. Le fait qu'aucun indi-vidu (à l'état mature) du groupe 4 n'a été identifié à cette profondeur suggère que les taxons du groupe 3 prédominent nettement, ce qui indiquerait une dystrophie naturelle. Le séquençage prévu des spécimens de ces lacs permettra, pour le lac de Morat, de préciser les pourcentages de taxons résistants aux pollutions, et donc son degré de contamination, et pour le lac Lioson, de confirmer ou d’infirmer que la zone profonde pourrait contenir de la matière organique peu assi-milable, favorisant le développement d'espèces adaptées à ces conditions.
Vivien, R.; Ferrari, B. (2024) Evaluation de l'état écologique des sédiments des lacs de Morat et Lioson à l'aide de l'examen des peuplements d'oligochètes, 13 p, Institutional Repository
Micropolluants organiques dans les poissons du Leman organic micropollutants in Lake Geneva fish
Cette campagne de mesures s'est intéressée à la contamination par le mercure et par une gamme étendue de composés organiques, notamment les polychlorbiphényles (PCB), les polybromodiphényl-éthers (PDBE), l'hexabromocyclododécane (HBCDD), les chloroalcanes (C10-C13), le perfluorooctane sulfonate (PDFOS), et divers retadateurs de flamme chez des gardons (N= 27) et des lotes (N=18) collectés en juin 2018 dans plusieurs secteurs du lac. La méthodologie s'est inspirée du cadre d'élaboration de la surveillance de l'état chimique dans le biote dans les Etats membres de l'Union Européenne. Les résultats ont été interprétés par rapport au risque pour la faune piscivore. [...]
A sampling campaign was carried out in June 2018 thoughout the lake, targeting roaches (N= 27) and burbots (N=18). Mercury, and a range of organic chemicals including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated phenyl-ethers (PBDEs), hecabromocyclododécane (HBCDD), chlorinated alkanes (C10-C13), perfluoro-octane sulfonate (PFOS) and various flame etardants were analyzed in whole fish. Overall, the approach was derived from the methodological framework elaborated in the European Union for monitoring the chemical contamination of biota. Results were interpreted in terms of risk for piscivorous species. [...]
Babut, M.; Cattaneo, F.; Raymond, J.-C.; Ferrari, B.; Venisseau, A.; Veyrand, B.; Marchand, P. (2019) Micropolluants organiques dans les poissons du Leman organic micropollutants in Lake Geneva fish, In: Programme quinquennal 2016-2020. Campagne 2018, 184-216, Institutional Repository
Micropolluants métalliques et organiques dans les sédiments superficiels du Léman
The last global assessment of the contamination of Lake Geneva surface sediments (metals and nutrients) was carried out in 1988. A new survey was needed to assess the current state of surface sediments with respect to metallic and organic micropollutants. The present study is based on the analysis of i) sedimentological parameters and trace metals at 80 sites; ii) phosphorus and its chemical forms on 50 sites; iii) 54 substances distributed in 12 groups of organic micropollutants (PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, etc.) on 31 sites; and iv) 24 substances poorly documented for Lake Geneva (dioxins, PFOS, brominated flame retardants, ...) on 5 sites for an exploratory study. In addition, ecotoxicological tests based on the growth and mortality of ostracod Heterocypris incongruens were carried out at 30 sites to compare the results with the micropollutant levels.
Most measured substances on the 80 and 31 sites were detected. For trace metals, concentrations generally have values two to three times higher than the natural background, except for mercury that is up to 20 times more concentrated. Metal concentrations are similar to those measured in 1988, with the exception of mercury, which shows a marked overall decrease in concentrations. For organic micropollutants, their distribution follows two main trends: an increase with the remoteness of the Rhone River mouth (DDT, PCB, etc.), or a quite homogeneous distribution over the whole lake but with some higher values close to the lakeshore (e.g. PBDE, Endosulfan).
The median concentrations of the main groups of organic substances are ΣPAH 781 μg/kg ; Σ7PCBi 8.78 μg/kg; ΣDDT 2.87 μg/kg; ΣHCH 0.86 μg/kg; Σ7PBDEi 0.12 μg/kg.
The exploratory study at 5 sites revealed the presence of dioxins and furans, hexabromocyclododecane and perfluorinated compounds.
The site of Vidy Bay off Lausanne remains the most contaminated site of the lake, both for metals and most organic substances, with: Hg 2.44 μg/kg; Cd 1.47 μg/kg; ΣPAH 3214 μg/kg; Σ7 PCBi 79.1 μg/kg; Σ7 PBDEi 2.7 μg/kg; ΣDDT 9.0 μg/kg; ΣHCH 0.83 μg/kg.
The ecotoxicological tests have classified the sites into three categories, with 13 sites considered to be of good sediment quality, 10 middle quality sites and 7 poor quality sites.
A first approach to the potential toxicity of sediments to benthic organisms based on chemical data indicates that sediments are not expected to induce significant toxicity except at the Vidy Bay site. The results of the ostracod tests reveal a different situation, the significance of which remains to be explored.
Loizeau, J.-L.; Makri, S.; Arpagaus, P.; Ferrari, B.; Casado-Martinez, C.; Benejam, T.; Marchand, P. (2017) Micropolluants métalliques et organiques dans les sédiments superficiels du Léman, In: Programme quinquennal 2011-2015. Campagne 2016, 143-198, Institutional Repository
Sedimentqualität des Seealpsees: Vorkommen von Mikroplastik und reifenassoziierten Chemikalien, ökotoxiko-logische und biologische Bewertung
Der Gewässerschutzdienst des Kantons Appenzell Innerrhoden beauftragte das Oekotoxzent-rum mit der Messung von Mikroplastik in Sedimentproben, die an zwei verschiedenen Stellen des Seealpsees entnommen wurden und mit der parallelen Durchführung eines ökotoxikologi-schen Tests (Ostrakoden-Test) an diesen Proben. Das Oekotoxzentrum ergänzte die Untersu-chungen an diesen Standorten mit Messungen von reifenassoziierten Chemikalien in den Se-dimentproben und die Untersuchung von in-situ Oligochaeten-Gemeinschaften. Die chemischen Analysen der Sedimente zeigten eine gewisse Verschmutzung durch Mikroplastik und das Vor-handensein einiger reifenassoziierter Chemikalien in signifikanten Konzentrationen. Die Quellen für diese Verschmutzung könnten sowohl der atmosphärische Staub als auch die Freizeitaktivi-täten rund um den See sein. Die Ergebnisse der biologischen und ökotoxikologischen Untersu-chungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Qualität der Sedimente, durch das Vorhandensein von Verunreinigungen und/oder eine Eutrophierung, verändert ist.
Beauvais, R.; Vivien, R.; Casado, C.; Ferrari, B. (2025) Sedimentqualität des Seealpsees: Vorkommen von Mikroplastik und reifenassoziierten Chemikalien, ökotoxiko-logische und biologische Bewertung, 18 p, Institutional Repository
Übermässige Stickstoff- und Phosphoreinträge schädigen Biodiversität, Wald und Gewässer
In der Schweiz gelangt nach wie vor zu viel Stickstoff und Phosphor in die Umwelt. Kritische Belastungsgrenzen für Stickstoffeinträge in die Umwelt sind vielerorts deutlich überschritten. Vor allem die Stickstoff- und Phosphorüberschüsse der Landwirtschaft und die Stickstoffemissionen des Verkehrs belasten die Umwelt und beeinträchtigen die Biodiversität, die Luft, die Gewässer- und Trinkwasserqualität sowie die Waldfunktionen stark. Zudem verstärken sie den Klimawandel und beeinträchtigen die menschliche Gesundheit. Ursachen wie auch Auswirkungen der übermässigen Einträge sind wissenschaftlich seit Jahrzehnten gut dokumentiert. Allerdings ist kaum eines der diesbezüglichen vom Bundesrat verabschiedeten Reduktionsziele erreicht. Sollen die negativen Effekte auf die Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen verringert werden, sind die Ursachen für die übermässigen Einträge dringend anzugehen. Dieses Faktenblatt zeigt hierzu Handlungsansätze auf.
Guntern, J.; Eichler, A.; Hagedorn, F.; Pellissier, L.; Schwikowski, M.; Seehausen, O.; Stamm, C.; van der Heijden, M.; Waldner, P.; Widmer, I.; Altermatt, F. (2020) Übermässige Stickstoff- und Phosphoreinträge schädigen Biodiversität, Wald und Gewässer, 8 p, doi:10.5281/zenodo.4269631, Institutional Repository
Brienzersee: ein Ökosystem unter der Lupe. Resultate des Forschungsprojekts zum Rückgang des Planktons und der Felchenerträge
1999 fingen die Berufsfischer im Brienzersee plötzlich und unerwartet kaum noch Felchen. Der jährliche Ertrag brach auf weniger als 2 Tonnen ein, nachdem in den späten 1970er-Jahren noch 40 Tonnen gefangen wurden. Gleichzeitig stellten die Fachleute des Gewässerschutzamtes fest, dass auch die Wasserflöhe (Daphnien) verschwunden waren, von welchen sich die Felchen hauptsächlich ernähren. Zwar gab es verschiedene Vermutungen über mögliche Hintergründe, jedoch kaum überzeugende Beweise. Da keine "Zeugen" zu vernehmen waren und der Brienzersee sowieso die "Aussage verweigert", entschied sich der Kanton Bern für einen wissenschaftlichen "Indizienprozess" – ein nachträgliches Erforschen des "Tathergangs" in diesem einzigartigen Ökosystem. Im Auftrag des Kantons haben Fachleute verschiedener Institute im See und in seinem Einzugsgebiet während über zwei Jahren tausende von Daten erhoben, ausgewertet und zu einem in sich konsistenten Bild zusammengefügt. Diese aufwändigen Untersuchungen haben Resultate geliefert, mit denen sich die Vorgänge von 1999 im Brienzersee überzeugend rekonstruieren lassen. Wie immer in der Naturwissenschaft, weisen Erhebungen in der Umwelt natürliche Schwankungen auf: So haben wir zum Beispiel 2003 völlig ungeplant den Jahrtausendsommer und 2005 ein gewaltiges Hochwasser erfasst. Viele Zahlen dieser Broschüre weisen deshalb übliche Ungenauigkeiten von gegen 20 Prozent auf – das ist unvermeidlich und liegt in der Natur der Sache. Bei allen Grenzen, welche die Natur der Wissenschaft setzt – die entscheidenden Ergebnisse der Studie sind hieb- und stichfest. So wissen wir, dass sich der Brienzersee heute natürlicherweise in einem äusserst nährstoffarmen Zustand befindet, dessen geringe Algen- und damit Zooplankton-Produktion auch künftig keine grösseren Fischfangerträge erlaubt. Diese waren in den 1970er-Jahren nur deshalb so hoch, weil das Abwasser damals weitgehend ungeklärt in den See gelangte. Nachgewiesen ist jetzt auch, dass der See vor dem Bau der Stauseen im Sommer deutlich trüber und im Winter etwas klarer war. Ohne die Wasserkraftnutzung wären bei gleicher Nährstoffversorgung weder ein vermehrtes Algenwachstum noch ein höherer Fischertrag zu erwarten.
Jordi, B.; Wüest, A.; Bürgi, H.; Müller, R.; Jakob, A.; Huggenberger, P. (2006) Brienzersee: ein Ökosystem unter der Lupe. Resultate des Forschungsprojekts zum Rückgang des Planktons und der Felchenerträge, 24 p, Institutional Repository
Publications scientifiques
Informations approfondies, données scientifiques, résultats de recherche récents. Une sélection de publications de l'Eawag en anglais sur des thèmes centraux de la gestion des lacs. Sur notre plateforme de bibliothèque DORA, hvous avez accès à l'intégralité du catalogue des publications de l'Eawag.
array(11 items)0 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=36454, pid=124)originalId => protected36454 (integer)
authors => protected'Lewis, A. S. L.; Richardson, D. C.; Howard, D. W.; Carey, C. C.; Kraemer, B. M.; Amitai, Y.; Bansal, S.; de Eyto, E.; Grossart, H.‐P.; Hoffman, K. K.; Hovel, R. A.; Knoll, L.; Oleksy, I. A.; S antoso, A. B.; Schmid, M.; Schwefel, R.; Straile, D .; Sun, X.; Weyhenmeyer, G. A.; Woelmer, W. M.; Wol lrab, S.; Znachor, P.' (487 chars)
title => protected'Seasons and seasonality in lakes: a synthesis amid global change' (64 chars)
journal => protected'Limnology and Oceanography Letters' (34 chars)
year => protected2026 (integer)
volume => protected11 (integer)
issue => protected'2' (1 chars)
startpage => protected'e70116 (20 pp.)' (15 chars)
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description => protected'Seasonality in environmental conditions plays a fundamental role in shaping lake ecosystems. However, patterns of seasonality vary worldwide, and these patterns are shifting over time amid global change. Thus, it is increasingly important to evaluate how seasons and seasonality are represented in lake e cosystem research. Here, we used a literature review and global data analysi s to synthesize approaches for conceptualizing seasons and seasonality in la kes. We found that a wide range of criteria are used to delineate discrete s easons in published literature, including fixed dates (e.g., months, solstic e/equinox), environmental thresholds (e.g., temperature and precipitation cu toffs), and lake-specific indicators (e.g., ice cover, plankton phenology). Analyzing data from lakes worldwide, we found that using different criteria to define the same season resulted in divergent interpretations of ecosystem states. Based on our synthesis, we offer recommendations for how to incorpo rate seasonality into lake research and communications amid global change.' (1062 chars)
serialnumber => protected'2378-2242' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1002/lol2.70116' (18 chars)
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authors => protected'Ntetsika, P.; Stauffer, S.; Eyring, S.; Reyes, M.; Wang, X.; Janssen, E. M. L.; Pomati, F.' (135 chars)
title => protected'Zooplankton feeding behaviour and survival to toxic and non-toxic cyanobacte ria during the seasonal bloom progression of a eutrophic lake' (137 chars)
journal => protected'Harmful Algae' (13 chars)
year => protected2026 (integer)
volume => protected154 (integer)
issue => protected'' (0 chars)
startpage => protected'103045 (13 pp.)' (15 chars)
otherpage => protected'' (0 chars)
categories => protected'cyanobacterial blooms; zooplankton grazing; feeding behaviour; fitness; micr ocystins; temperature effects; bioactive metabolites' (128 chars)
description => protected'Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose increasing threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health; yet, the role of zooplankton grazing in regulating blooms remains understudied. We investigated the seasonal feeding behaviour and fit ness consequences of feeding preferences in natural zooplankton communities for toxic (microcystin-producing) versus non-toxic cyanobacteria across temp erature gradients in eutrophic Lake Greifen, Switzerland. We conducted month ly experiments from April to October 2023 to test the grazing behaviour of f our zooplankton groups (daphnids, calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, and microzooplankton) exposed to mixed diets of green algae and either toxic or non-toxic <em>Microcystis</em> strains at 15 °C and 25 °C.<br />Contrary to expectations of cyanobacteria avoidance, zooplankton exhibited predominan tly non-selective grazing throughout the seasonal succession, consuming both toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria at similar rates, regardless of temperatu re. Notably, during the peaks of phytoplankton abundance (April and Septembe r), mesozooplankton demonstrated a selective preference for cyanobacteria ov er green algae, particularly non-toxic strains. Temperature effects were sub tle but revealed metabolic constraints: elevated temperatures occasionally t riggered selective consumption of cyanobacteria in copepods, while fitness c osts (survival) from exposure to toxic species were mostly restricted to tra nsitional bloom periods and high-temperature conditions.<br />These findings suggest that toxic cyanobacteria may not always evade grazing pressure thro ugh secondary metabolite deterrent effects. Our results suggest that zooplan kton communities can adapt and graze on cyanobacteria regardless of toxicity under the tested conditions, even during bloom conditions. These observatio ns highlight the potential for zooplankton to interact with cyanobacterial p opulations, which may have implications for bloom prediction and management strategies, particularly...' (2033 chars)
serialnumber => protected'1568-9883' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1016/j.hal.2025.103045' (25 chars)
uid => protected36056 (integer)
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authors => protected'Wang, X.; Wullschleger, S.; Jones, M.; Reyes, M.; Bossar t, R.; Pomati, F.; Janssen, E. M. -L.' (138 chars)
title => protected'Tracking extensive portfolio of cyanotoxins in five-year lake survey and ide ntifying indicator metabolites of cyanobacterial taxa' (129 chars)
journal => protected'Environmental Science and Technology' (36 chars)
year => protected2024 (integer)
volume => protected58 (integer)
issue => protected'37' (2 chars)
startpage => protected'16560' (5 chars)
otherpage => protected'16569' (5 chars)
categories => protected'microcystin; suspect screening; monitoring; cyanopepetides; harmful algal bl oom' (79 chars)
description => protected'Cyanobacterial blooms require monitoring, as they pose a threat to ecosystem s and human health, especially by the release of toxins. Along with widely r eported microcystins, cyanobacteria coproduce other bioactive metabolites; h owever, information about their dynamics in surface waters is sparse. We inv estigated dynamics across full bloom successions throughout a five-year lake monitoring campaign (Greifensee, Switzerland) spanning 150 sampling dates. We conducted extensive suspect screening of cyanobacterial metabolites using the database CyanoMetDB. Across all 850 samples, 35 metabolites regularly c o-occurred. Microcystins were present in 70% of samples, with [d-Asp<sup>3</ sup>,(<em>E</em>)-Dhb<sup>7</sup>]MC-RR reaching concentrations of 70 ng/L. Anabaenopeptins, meanwhile, were detected in 95% of all samples with concent rations of Oscillamide Y up to 100-fold higher than microcystins. Based on L C-MS response and frequency, we identified indicator metabolites exclusively produced by one of three cyanobacteria isolated from the lake, these being [d-Asp<sup>3</sup>,(<em>E</em>)-Dhb<sup>7</sup>]MC-RR from <em>Planktothrix< /em> sp. G2020, Microginin 761B from <em>Microcystis</em> sp. G2011, and Fer intoic acid B from <em>Microcystis</em> sp. G2020. These indicators showed d istinct temporal trends and peaking seasons that reflect the variance in eit her the abundance of the producing cyanobacteria or their toxin production d ynamics. Our approach demonstrates that selecting high LC-MS response and fr equent and species-specific indicator metabolites can be advantageous for cy anobacterial monitoring.' (1620 chars)
serialnumber => protected'0013-936X' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1021/acs.est.4c04813' (23 chars)
uid => protected33271 (integer)
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authors => protected'Golub, M.; Thiery, W.; Marcé, R.; Pierson, D.; Vanderke len, I.; Mercado-Bettin, D.; Woolway, R. I.; Grant,  ;L.; Jennings, E.; Kraemer, B. M.; Bouffard, D.; Raaman Vinnaa, L.; Schmid, M.; Zdorovennova, G.' (283 chars)
title => protected'A framework for ensemble modelling of climate change impacts on lakes worldw ide: the ISIMIP Lake Sector' (103 chars)
journal => protected'Geoscientific Model Development' (31 chars)
year => protected2022 (integer)
volume => protected15 (integer)
issue => protected'11' (2 chars)
startpage => protected'4597' (4 chars)
otherpage => protected'4623' (4 chars)
categories => protected'' (0 chars)
description => protected'Empirical evidence demonstrates that lakes and reservoirs are warming across the globe. Consequently, there is an increased need to project future chang es in lake thermal structure and resulting changes in lake biogeochemistry i n order to plan for the likely impacts. Previous studies of the impacts of c limate change on lakes have often relied on a single model forced with limit ed scenario-driven projections of future climate for a relatively small numb er of lakes. As a result, our understanding of the effects of climate change on lakes is fragmentary, based on scattered studies using different data so urces and modelling protocols, and mainly focused on individual lakes or lak e regions. This has precluded identification of the main impacts of climate change on lakes at global and regional scales and has likely contributed to the lack of lake water quality considerations in policy-relevant documents, such as the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Cha nge (IPCC). Here, we describe a simulation protocol developed by the Lake Se ctor of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) for simulating climate change impacts on lakes using an ensemble of lake models and climate change scenarios for ISIMIP phases 2 and 3. The protocol prescr ibes lake simulations driven by climate forcing from gridded observations an d different Earth system models under various representative greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCPs), all consistently bias-corrected on a 0.5<sup> ∘</sup> × 0.5<sup>∘</sup> global grid. In ISIMIP phase 2, 11 lake m odels were forced with these data to project the thermal structure of 62 wel l-studied lakes where data were available for calibration under historical c onditions, and using uncalibrated models for 17 500 lakes defined for all global grid cells containing lakes. In ISIMIP phase 3, this approach was exp anded to consider more lakes, more models, and more processes. The ISIMIP La ke Sector is the largest...' (2252 chars)
serialnumber => protected'1991-959X' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.5194/gmd-15-4597-2022' (24 chars)
uid => protected25023 (integer)
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_versionedUid => protected25023 (integer)modifiedpid => protected124 (integer)4 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=25163, pid=124)originalId => protected25163 (integer)
authors => protected'Twining, C. W.; Shipley, J. R.; Matthews, B.' (69 chars)
title => protected'Climate change creates nutritional phenological mismatches' (58 chars)
journal => protected'Trends in Ecology and Evolution' (31 chars)
year => protected2022 (integer)
volume => protected37 (integer)
issue => protected'9' (1 chars)
startpage => protected'736' (3 chars)
otherpage => protected'739' (3 chars)
categories => protected'animals; climate change; mismatch; nutrition; phenology' (55 chars)
description => protected'Climate change is creating phenological mismatches between consumers and the ir resources. However, while the importance of nutritional quality in ecolog ical interactions is widely appreciated, most studies of phenological mismat ch focus on energy content alone. We argue that mismatches in terms of pheno logy and nutrition will increase with climate change.' (357 chars)
serialnumber => protected'0169-5347' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.009' (26 chars)
uid => protected25163 (integer)
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authors => protected'Jane, S. F.; Hansen, G. J. A.; Kraemer, B.&nbs p;M.; Leavitt, P. R.; Mincer, J. L.; North, R.  ;L.; Pilla, R. M.; Stetler, J. T.; Williamson, C.&n bsp;E.; Woolway, R. I.; Arvola, L.; Chandra, S.; DeGaspe ri, C. L.; Diemer, L.; Dunalska, J.; Erina, O.; Fla im, G.; Grossart, H.-P.; Hambright, K. D.; Hein, C. ; Hejzlar, J.; Janus, L. L.; Jenny, J.-P.; Jones, J . R.; Knoll, L. B.; Leoni, B.; Mackay, E.; Matsuzak i, S.-I. S.; McBride, C.; Müller-Navarra, D. C.; P aterson, A. M.; Pierson, D.; Rogora, M.; Rusak, J.& nbsp;A.; Sadro, S.; Saulnier-Talbot, E.; Schmid, M.; Sommarug a, R.; Thiery, W.; Verburg, P.; Weathers, K. C.; We yhenmeyer, G. A.; Yokota, K.; Rose, K. C.' (978 chars)
title => protected'Widespread deoxygenation of temperate lakes' (43 chars)
journal => protected'Nature' (6 chars)
year => protected2021 (integer)
volume => protected594 (integer)
issue => protected'7861' (4 chars)
startpage => protected'66' (2 chars)
otherpage => protected'70' (2 chars)
categories => protected'' (0 chars)
description => protected'The concentration of dissolved oxygen in aquatic systems helps to regulate b iodiversity, nutrient biogeochemistry, greenhouse gas emissions, and the qua lity of drinking water. The long-term declines in dissolved oxygen concentra tions in coastal and ocean waters have been linked to climate warming and hu man activity, but little is known about the changes in dissolved oxygen conc entrations in lakes. Although the solubility of dissolved oxygen decreases w ith increasing water temperatures, long-term lake trajectories are difficult to predict. Oxygen losses in warming lakes may be amplified by enhanced dec omposition and stronger thermal stratification or oxygen may increase as a r esult of enhanced primary production. Here we analyse a combined total of 45 ,148 dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles and calculate trends for 393 temperate lakes that span 1941 to 2017. We find that a decline in dissolved oxygen is widespread in surface and deep-water habitats. The decline in surf ace waters is primarily associated with reduced solubility under warmer wate r temperatures, although dissolved oxygen in surface waters increased in a s ubset of highly productive warming lakes, probably owing to increasing produ ction of phytoplankton. By contrast, the decline in deep waters is associate d with stronger thermal stratification and loss of water clarity, but not wi th changes in gas solubility. Our results suggest that climate change and de clining water clarity have altered the physical and chemical environment of lakes. Declines in dissolved oxygen in freshwater are 2.75 to 9.3 times grea ter than observed in the world’s oceans and could threaten essential lake ecosystem services.' (1691 chars)
serialnumber => protected'0028-0836' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1038/s41586-021-03550-y' (26 chars)
uid => protected22677 (integer)
_localizedUid => protected22677 (integer)modified_languageUid => protectedNULL
_versionedUid => protected22677 (integer)modifiedpid => protected124 (integer)6 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=22687, pid=124)originalId => protected22687 (integer)
authors => protected'Kraemer, B. M.; Pilla, R. M.; Woolway, R. I.; Anneville, O.; Ban, S.; Colom-Montero, W.; Devlin, S.&nb sp;P.; Dokulil, M. T.; Gaiser, E. E.; Hambright, K. D.; Hessen, D. O.; Higgins, S. N.; Jöhnk, K. D.; Keller, W.; Knoll, L. B.; Leavitt, P. R.; Lepori, F.; Luger, M. S.; Maberly, S. C.; Müller- Navarra, D. C.; Paterson, A. M.; Pierson, D. C .; Richardson, D. C.; Rogora, M.; Rusak, J. A.; Sad ro, S.; Salmaso, N.; Schmid, M.; Silow, E. A.; Somm aruga, R.; Stelzer, J. A. A.; Straile, D.; Thiery,& nbsp;W.; Timofeyev, M. A.; Verburg, P.; Weyhenmeyer, G.& nbsp;A.; Adrian, R.' (860 chars)
title => protected'Climate change drives widespread shifts in lake thermal habitat' (63 chars)
journal => protected'Nature Climate Change' (21 chars)
year => protected2021 (integer)
volume => protected11 (integer)
issue => protected'' (0 chars)
startpage => protected'521' (3 chars)
otherpage => protected'529' (3 chars)
categories => protected'' (0 chars)
description => protected'Lake surfaces are warming worldwide, raising concerns about lake organism re sponses to thermal habitat changes. Species may cope with temperature increa ses by shifting their seasonality or their depth to track suitable thermal h abitats, but these responses may be constrained by ecological interactions, life histories or limiting resources. Here we use 32 million temperature mea surements from 139 lakes to quantify thermal habitat change (percentage of n on-overlap) and assess how this change is exacerbated by potential habitat c onstraints. Long-term temperature change resulted in an average 6.2% non-ove rlap between thermal habitats in baseline (1978-1995) and recent (1996-2013) time periods, with non-overlap increasing to 19.4% on average when habitats were restricted by season and depth. Tropical lakes exhibited substantially higher thermal non-overlap compared with lakes at other latitudes. Lakes wi th high thermal habitat change coincided with those having numerous endemic species, suggesting that conservation actions should consider thermal habita t change to preserve lake biodiversity.' (1103 chars)
serialnumber => protected'1758-678X' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1038/s41558-021-01060-3' (26 chars)
uid => protected22687 (integer)
_localizedUid => protected22687 (integer)modified_languageUid => protectedNULL
_versionedUid => protected22687 (integer)modifiedpid => protected124 (integer)7 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=22089, pid=124)originalId => protected22089 (integer)
authors => protected'Råman Vinnå, L.; Medhaug, I.; Schmid, M.; Bouffard, D.' (76 chars)
title => protected'The vulnerability of lakes to climate change along an altitudinal gradient' (74 chars)
journal => protected'Communications Earth & Environment' (34 chars)
year => protected2021 (integer)
volume => protected2 (integer)
issue => protected'' (0 chars)
startpage => protected'35 (10 pp.)' (11 chars)
otherpage => protected'' (0 chars)
categories => protected'' (0 chars)
description => protected'Studies of future 21<sup>st</sup> century climate warming in lakes along alt itudinal gradients have been partially obscured by local atmospheric phenome na unresolved in climate models. Here we forced the physical lake model Sims trat with locally downscaled climate models under three future scenarios to investigate the impact on 29 Swiss lakes, varying in size along an altitudin al gradient. Results from the worst-case scenario project substantial change at the end of the century in duration of ice-cover at mid to high altitude (−2 to −107 days), stratification duration (winter −17 to −84 days, summer −2 to 73 days), while lower and especially mid altitude (present da y mean annual air temperature from 9 °C to 3 °C) dimictic lakes risk s hift to monomictic regimes (seven out of the eight lakes). Analysis further indicates that for many lakes shifts in mixing regime can be avoided by adhe ring to the most stringent scenario.' (948 chars)
serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
doi => protected'10.1038/s43247-021-00106-w' (26 chars)
uid => protected22089 (integer)
_localizedUid => protected22089 (integer)modified_languageUid => protectedNULL
_versionedUid => protected22089 (integer)modifiedpid => protected124 (integer)8 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=17829, pid=124)originalId => protected17829 (integer)
authors => protected'Gaudard, A.; Wüest, A.; Schmid, M.' (50 chars)
title => protected'Using lakes and rivers for extraction and disposal of heat: estimate of regi onal potentials' (91 chars)
journal => protected'Renewable Energy' (16 chars)
year => protected2019 (integer)
volume => protected134 (integer)
issue => protected'' (0 chars)
startpage => protected'330' (3 chars)
otherpage => protected'342' (3 chars)
categories => protected'surface waters heat management; heat pump systems; free cooling; carbon-free heat production; district cooling and heating; surface waters temperature' (150 chars)
description => protected'There is increasing interest in using waterbodies as renewable energy source s to heat and cool buildings and infrastructure. Here, we estimate the poten tials for heat extraction and disposal for the main lakes and rivers of Swit zerland based on acceptable temperature changes in the waterbodies, and comp are them to regional demands. In most cases, the potentials considerably exc eed the demand, and minor impacts on the thermal regime of the waterbodies a re expected. There are, however, critical situations: rivers crossing densel y-populated areas, where demand often exceeds the potential, and heat dispos al in summer into lowland rivers and shallow lakes, where temperatures may e xceed ecological criteria. To assess the impacts of a realistic thermal use, we model the temperature effects in two lakes: Upper Lake Constance, a larg e lake with relatively low population density, and Lower Lake Zurich, a smal ler lake with high regional demand. The estimated mean temperature alteratio ns are −0.05 to +0.02 °C for Lake Constance, and −0.60 to +0.22 °C for Lake Zurich. Based on the model results, we discuss the effects of operatin g parameters on the efficiency and impacts of thermal use. Our analysis demo nstrates that waterbodies provide real alternatives for heat/cold production in many regions of the world.' (1322 chars)
serialnumber => protected'0960-1481' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.095' (28 chars)
uid => protected17829 (integer)
_localizedUid => protected17829 (integer)modified_languageUid => protectedNULL
_versionedUid => protected17829 (integer)modifiedpid => protected124 (integer)9 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=19168, pid=124)originalId => protected19168 (integer)
authors => protected'Gaudard, A.; Råman Vinnå, L.; Bärenbold, F.; Schmid, M.; Bouffard, D.' (97 chars)
title => protected'Toward an open access to high-frequency lake modeling and statistics data fo r scientists and practitioners - the case of Swiss lakes using Simstrat v2.1' (152 chars)
journal => protected'Geoscientific Model Development' (31 chars)
year => protected2019 (integer)
volume => protected12 (integer)
issue => protected'9' (1 chars)
startpage => protected'3955' (4 chars)
otherpage => protected'3974' (4 chars)
categories => protected'' (0 chars)
description => protected'One-dimensional hydrodynamic models are nowadays widely recognized as key to ols for lake studies. They offer the possibility to analyze processes at hig h frequency, here referring to hourly timescales, to investigate scenarios a nd test hypotheses. Yet, simulation outputs are mainly used by the modellers themselves and often not easily reachable for the outside community. We hav e developed an open-access web-based platform for visualization and promotio n of easy access to lake model output data updated in near-real time (http:/ /simstrat.eawag.ch, last access: 29 August 2019). This platform was develo ped for 54 lakes in Switzerland with potential for adaptation to other regio ns or at global scale using appropriate forcing input data. The benefit of t his data platform is practically illustrated with two examples. First, we sh ow that the output data allows for assessing the long-term effects of past c limate change on the thermal structure of a lake. The study confirms the nee d to not only evaluate changes in all atmospheric forcing but also changes i n the watershed or throughflow heat energy and changes in light penetration to assess the lake thermal structure. Then, we show how the data platform ca n be used to study and compare the role of episodic strong wind events for d ifferent lakes on a regional scale and especially how their thermal structur e is temporarily destabilized. With this open-access data platform, we demon strate a new path forward for scientists and practitioners promoting a cross exchange of expertise through openly sharing in situ and model data.' (1589 chars)
serialnumber => protected'1991-959X' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.5194/gmd-12-3955-2019' (24 chars)
uid => protected19168 (integer)
_localizedUid => protected19168 (integer)modified_languageUid => protectedNULL
_versionedUid => protected19168 (integer)modifiedpid => protected124 (integer)10 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=7602, pid=124)originalId => protected7602 (integer)
authors => protected'Schmid, M.; Hunziker, S.; Wüest, A.' (51 chars)
title => protected'Lake surface temperatures in a changing climate: a global sensitivity analys is' (78 chars)
journal => protected'Climatic Change' (15 chars)
year => protected2014 (integer)
volume => protected124 (integer)
issue => protected'1-2' (3 chars)
startpage => protected'301' (3 chars)
otherpage => protected'315' (3 chars)
categories => protected'' (0 chars)
description => protected'We estimate the effects of climatic changes, as predicted by six climate mod els, on lake surface temperatures on a global scale, using the lake surface equilibrium temperature as a proxy. We evaluate interactions between differe nt forcing variables, the sensitivity of lake surface temperatures to these variables, as well as differences between climate zones. Lake surface equili brium temperatures are predicted to increase by 70 to 85 % of the increase in air temperatures. On average, air temperature is the main driver for chan ges in lake surface temperatures, and its effect is reduced by ~10 % by cha nges in other meteorological variables. However, the contribution of these o ther variables to the variance is ~40 % of that of air temperature, and the ir effects can be important at specific locations. The warming increases the importance of longwave radiation and evaporation for the lake surface heat balance compared to shortwave radiation and convective heat fluxes. We discu ss the consequences of our findings for the design and evaluation of differe nt types of studies on climate change effects on lakes.' (1119 chars)
serialnumber => protected'0165-0009' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1007/s10584-014-1087-2' (25 chars)
uid => protected7602 (integer)
_localizedUid => protected7602 (integer)modified_languageUid => protectedNULL
_versionedUid => protected7602 (integer)modifiedpid => protected124 (integer)
Seasons and seasonality in lakes: a synthesis amid global change
Seasonality in environmental conditions plays a fundamental role in shaping lake ecosystems. However, patterns of seasonality vary worldwide, and these patterns are shifting over time amid global change. Thus, it is increasingly important to evaluate how seasons and seasonality are represented in lake ecosystem research. Here, we used a literature review and global data analysis to synthesize approaches for conceptualizing seasons and seasonality in lakes. We found that a wide range of criteria are used to delineate discrete seasons in published literature, including fixed dates (e.g., months, solstice/equinox), environmental thresholds (e.g., temperature and precipitation cutoffs), and lake-specific indicators (e.g., ice cover, plankton phenology). Analyzing data from lakes worldwide, we found that using different criteria to define the same season resulted in divergent interpretations of ecosystem states. Based on our synthesis, we offer recommendations for how to incorporate seasonality into lake research and communications amid global change.
Lewis, A. S. L.; Richardson, D. C.; Howard, D. W.; Carey, C. C.; Kraemer, B. M.; Amitai, Y.; Bansal, S.; de Eyto, E.; Grossart, H.‐P.; Hoffman, K. K.; Hovel, R. A.; Knoll, L.; Oleksy, I. A.; Santoso, A. B.; Schmid, M.; Schwefel, R.; Straile, D.; Sun, X.; Weyhenmeyer, G. A.; Woelmer, W. M.; Wollrab, S.; Znachor, P. (2026) Seasons and seasonality in lakes: a synthesis amid global change, Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 11(2), e70116 (20 pp.), doi:10.1002/lol2.70116, Institutional Repository
Zooplankton feeding behaviour and survival to toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria during the seasonal bloom progression of a eutrophic lake
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose increasing threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health; yet, the role of zooplankton grazing in regulating blooms remains understudied. We investigated the seasonal feeding behaviour and fitness consequences of feeding preferences in natural zooplankton communities for toxic (microcystin-producing) versus non-toxic cyanobacteria across temperature gradients in eutrophic Lake Greifen, Switzerland. We conducted monthly experiments from April to October 2023 to test the grazing behaviour of four zooplankton groups (daphnids, calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, and microzooplankton) exposed to mixed diets of green algae and either toxic or non-toxic Microcystis strains at 15 °C and 25 °C. Contrary to expectations of cyanobacteria avoidance, zooplankton exhibited predominantly non-selective grazing throughout the seasonal succession, consuming both toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria at similar rates, regardless of temperature. Notably, during the peaks of phytoplankton abundance (April and September), mesozooplankton demonstrated a selective preference for cyanobacteria over green algae, particularly non-toxic strains. Temperature effects were subtle but revealed metabolic constraints: elevated temperatures occasionally triggered selective consumption of cyanobacteria in copepods, while fitness costs (survival) from exposure to toxic species were mostly restricted to transitional bloom periods and high-temperature conditions. These findings suggest that toxic cyanobacteria may not always evade grazing pressure through secondary metabolite deterrent effects. Our results suggest that zooplankton communities can adapt and graze on cyanobacteria regardless of toxicity under the tested conditions, even during bloom conditions. These observations highlight the potential for zooplankton to interact with cyanobacterial populations, which may have implications for bloom prediction and management strategies, particularly under climate warming scenarios.
Ntetsika, P.; Stauffer, S.; Eyring, S.; Reyes, M.; Wang, X.; Janssen, E. M. L.; Pomati, F. (2026) Zooplankton feeding behaviour and survival to toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria during the seasonal bloom progression of a eutrophic lake, Harmful Algae, 154, 103045 (13 pp.), doi:10.1016/j.hal.2025.103045, Institutional Repository
Tracking extensive portfolio of cyanotoxins in five-year lake survey and identifying indicator metabolites of cyanobacterial taxa
Cyanobacterial blooms require monitoring, as they pose a threat to ecosystems and human health, especially by the release of toxins. Along with widely reported microcystins, cyanobacteria coproduce other bioactive metabolites; however, information about their dynamics in surface waters is sparse. We investigated dynamics across full bloom successions throughout a five-year lake monitoring campaign (Greifensee, Switzerland) spanning 150 sampling dates. We conducted extensive suspect screening of cyanobacterial metabolites using the database CyanoMetDB. Across all 850 samples, 35 metabolites regularly co-occurred. Microcystins were present in 70% of samples, with [d-Asp3,(E)-Dhb7]MC-RR reaching concentrations of 70 ng/L. Anabaenopeptins, meanwhile, were detected in 95% of all samples with concentrations of Oscillamide Y up to 100-fold higher than microcystins. Based on LC-MS response and frequency, we identified indicator metabolites exclusively produced by one of three cyanobacteria isolated from the lake, these being [d-Asp3,(E)-Dhb7]MC-RR from Planktothrix sp. G2020, Microginin 761B from Microcystis sp. G2011, and Ferintoic acid B from Microcystis sp. G2020. These indicators showed distinct temporal trends and peaking seasons that reflect the variance in either the abundance of the producing cyanobacteria or their toxin production dynamics. Our approach demonstrates that selecting high LC-MS response and frequent and species-specific indicator metabolites can be advantageous for cyanobacterial monitoring.
Wang, X.; Wullschleger, S.; Jones, M.; Reyes, M.; Bossart, R.; Pomati, F.; Janssen, E. M. -L. (2024) Tracking extensive portfolio of cyanotoxins in five-year lake survey and identifying indicator metabolites of cyanobacterial taxa, Environmental Science and Technology, 58(37), 16560-16569, doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c04813, Institutional Repository
A framework for ensemble modelling of climate change impacts on lakes worldwide: the ISIMIP Lake Sector
Empirical evidence demonstrates that lakes and reservoirs are warming across the globe. Consequently, there is an increased need to project future changes in lake thermal structure and resulting changes in lake biogeochemistry in order to plan for the likely impacts. Previous studies of the impacts of climate change on lakes have often relied on a single model forced with limited scenario-driven projections of future climate for a relatively small number of lakes. As a result, our understanding of the effects of climate change on lakes is fragmentary, based on scattered studies using different data sources and modelling protocols, and mainly focused on individual lakes or lake regions. This has precluded identification of the main impacts of climate change on lakes at global and regional scales and has likely contributed to the lack of lake water quality considerations in policy-relevant documents, such as the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we describe a simulation protocol developed by the Lake Sector of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) for simulating climate change impacts on lakes using an ensemble of lake models and climate change scenarios for ISIMIP phases 2 and 3. The protocol prescribes lake simulations driven by climate forcing from gridded observations and different Earth system models under various representative greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCPs), all consistently bias-corrected on a 0.5∘ × 0.5∘ global grid. In ISIMIP phase 2, 11 lake models were forced with these data to project the thermal structure of 62 well-studied lakes where data were available for calibration under historical conditions, and using uncalibrated models for 17 500 lakes defined for all global grid cells containing lakes. In ISIMIP phase 3, this approach was expanded to consider more lakes, more models, and more processes. The ISIMIP Lake Sector is the largest international effort to project future water temperature, thermal structure, and ice phenology of lakes at local and global scales and paves the way for future simulations of the impacts of climate change on water quality and biogeochemistry in lakes.
Golub, M.; Thiery, W.; Marcé, R.; Pierson, D.; Vanderkelen, I.; Mercado-Bettin, D.; Woolway, R. I.; Grant, L.; Jennings, E.; Kraemer, B. M.; Bouffard, D.; Raaman Vinnaa, L.; Schmid, M.; Zdorovennova, G. (2022) A framework for ensemble modelling of climate change impacts on lakes worldwide: the ISIMIP Lake Sector, Geoscientific Model Development, 15(11), 4597-4623, doi:10.5194/gmd-15-4597-2022, Institutional Repository
Climate change is creating phenological mismatches between consumers and their resources. However, while the importance of nutritional quality in ecological interactions is widely appreciated, most studies of phenological mismatch focus on energy content alone. We argue that mismatches in terms of phenology and nutrition will increase with climate change.
Twining, C. W.; Shipley, J. R.; Matthews, B. (2022) Climate change creates nutritional phenological mismatches, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 37(9), 736-739, doi:10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.009, Institutional Repository
Widespread deoxygenation of temperate lakes
The concentration of dissolved oxygen in aquatic systems helps to regulate biodiversity, nutrient biogeochemistry, greenhouse gas emissions, and the quality of drinking water. The long-term declines in dissolved oxygen concentrations in coastal and ocean waters have been linked to climate warming and human activity, but little is known about the changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in lakes. Although the solubility of dissolved oxygen decreases with increasing water temperatures, long-term lake trajectories are difficult to predict. Oxygen losses in warming lakes may be amplified by enhanced decomposition and stronger thermal stratification or oxygen may increase as a result of enhanced primary production. Here we analyse a combined total of 45,148 dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles and calculate trends for 393 temperate lakes that span 1941 to 2017. We find that a decline in dissolved oxygen is widespread in surface and deep-water habitats. The decline in surface waters is primarily associated with reduced solubility under warmer water temperatures, although dissolved oxygen in surface waters increased in a subset of highly productive warming lakes, probably owing to increasing production of phytoplankton. By contrast, the decline in deep waters is associated with stronger thermal stratification and loss of water clarity, but not with changes in gas solubility. Our results suggest that climate change and declining water clarity have altered the physical and chemical environment of lakes. Declines in dissolved oxygen in freshwater are 2.75 to 9.3 times greater than observed in the world’s oceans and could threaten essential lake ecosystem services.
Jane, S. F.; Hansen, G. J. A.; Kraemer, B. M.; Leavitt, P. R.; Mincer, J. L.; North, R. L.; Pilla, R. M.; Stetler, J. T.; Williamson, C. E.; Woolway, R. I.; Arvola, L.; Chandra, S.; DeGasperi, C. L.; Diemer, L.; Dunalska, J.; Erina, O.; Flaim, G.; Grossart, H.-P.; Hambright, K. D.; Hein, C.; Hejzlar, J.; Janus, L. L.; Jenny, J.-P.; Jones, J. R.; Knoll, L. B.; Leoni, B.; Mackay, E.; Matsuzaki, S.-I. S.; McBride, C.; Müller-Navarra, D. C.; Paterson, A. M.; Pierson, D.; Rogora, M.; Rusak, J. A.; Sadro, S.; Saulnier-Talbot, E.; Schmid, M.; Sommaruga, R.; Thiery, W.; Verburg, P.; Weathers, K. C.; Weyhenmeyer, G. A.; Yokota, K.; Rose, K. C. (2021) Widespread deoxygenation of temperate lakes, Nature, 594(7861), 66-70, doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03550-y, Institutional Repository
Climate change drives widespread shifts in lake thermal habitat
Lake surfaces are warming worldwide, raising concerns about lake organism responses to thermal habitat changes. Species may cope with temperature increases by shifting their seasonality or their depth to track suitable thermal habitats, but these responses may be constrained by ecological interactions, life histories or limiting resources. Here we use 32 million temperature measurements from 139 lakes to quantify thermal habitat change (percentage of non-overlap) and assess how this change is exacerbated by potential habitat constraints. Long-term temperature change resulted in an average 6.2% non-overlap between thermal habitats in baseline (1978-1995) and recent (1996-2013) time periods, with non-overlap increasing to 19.4% on average when habitats were restricted by season and depth. Tropical lakes exhibited substantially higher thermal non-overlap compared with lakes at other latitudes. Lakes with high thermal habitat change coincided with those having numerous endemic species, suggesting that conservation actions should consider thermal habitat change to preserve lake biodiversity.
Kraemer, B. M.; Pilla, R. M.; Woolway, R. I.; Anneville, O.; Ban, S.; Colom-Montero, W.; Devlin, S. P.; Dokulil, M. T.; Gaiser, E. E.; Hambright, K. D.; Hessen, D. O.; Higgins, S. N.; Jöhnk, K. D.; Keller, W.; Knoll, L. B.; Leavitt, P. R.; Lepori, F.; Luger, M. S.; Maberly, S. C.; Müller-Navarra, D. C.; Paterson, A. M.; Pierson, D. C.; Richardson, D. C.; Rogora, M.; Rusak, J. A.; Sadro, S.; Salmaso, N.; Schmid, M.; Silow, E. A.; Sommaruga, R.; Stelzer, J. A. A.; Straile, D.; Thiery, W.; Timofeyev, M. A.; Verburg, P.; Weyhenmeyer, G. A.; Adrian, R. (2021) Climate change drives widespread shifts in lake thermal habitat, Nature Climate Change, 11, 521-529, doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01060-3, Institutional Repository
The vulnerability of lakes to climate change along an altitudinal gradient
Studies of future 21st century climate warming in lakes along altitudinal gradients have been partially obscured by local atmospheric phenomena unresolved in climate models. Here we forced the physical lake model Simstrat with locally downscaled climate models under three future scenarios to investigate the impact on 29 Swiss lakes, varying in size along an altitudinal gradient. Results from the worst-case scenario project substantial change at the end of the century in duration of ice-cover at mid to high altitude (−2 to −107 days), stratification duration (winter −17 to −84 days, summer −2 to 73 days), while lower and especially mid altitude (present day mean annual air temperature from 9 °C to 3 °C) dimictic lakes risk shift to monomictic regimes (seven out of the eight lakes). Analysis further indicates that for many lakes shifts in mixing regime can be avoided by adhering to the most stringent scenario.
Råman Vinnå, L.; Medhaug, I.; Schmid, M.; Bouffard, D. (2021) The vulnerability of lakes to climate change along an altitudinal gradient, Communications Earth & Environment, 2, 35 (10 pp.), doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00106-w, Institutional Repository
Using lakes and rivers for extraction and disposal of heat: estimate of regional potentials
There is increasing interest in using waterbodies as renewable energy sources to heat and cool buildings and infrastructure. Here, we estimate the potentials for heat extraction and disposal for the main lakes and rivers of Switzerland based on acceptable temperature changes in the waterbodies, and compare them to regional demands. In most cases, the potentials considerably exceed the demand, and minor impacts on the thermal regime of the waterbodies are expected. There are, however, critical situations: rivers crossing densely-populated areas, where demand often exceeds the potential, and heat disposal in summer into lowland rivers and shallow lakes, where temperatures may exceed ecological criteria. To assess the impacts of a realistic thermal use, we model the temperature effects in two lakes: Upper Lake Constance, a large lake with relatively low population density, and Lower Lake Zurich, a smaller lake with high regional demand. The estimated mean temperature alterations are −0.05 to +0.02 °C for Lake Constance, and −0.60 to +0.22 °C for Lake Zurich. Based on the model results, we discuss the effects of operating parameters on the efficiency and impacts of thermal use. Our analysis demonstrates that waterbodies provide real alternatives for heat/cold production in many regions of the world.
Gaudard, A.; Wüest, A.; Schmid, M. (2019) Using lakes and rivers for extraction and disposal of heat: estimate of regional potentials, Renewable Energy, 134, 330-342, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.095, Institutional Repository
Toward an open access to high-frequency lake modeling and statistics data for scientists and practitioners - the case of Swiss lakes using Simstrat v2.1
One-dimensional hydrodynamic models are nowadays widely recognized as key tools for lake studies. They offer the possibility to analyze processes at high frequency, here referring to hourly timescales, to investigate scenarios and test hypotheses. Yet, simulation outputs are mainly used by the modellers themselves and often not easily reachable for the outside community. We have developed an open-access web-based platform for visualization and promotion of easy access to lake model output data updated in near-real time (http://simstrat.eawag.ch, last access: 29 August 2019). This platform was developed for 54 lakes in Switzerland with potential for adaptation to other regions or at global scale using appropriate forcing input data. The benefit of this data platform is practically illustrated with two examples. First, we show that the output data allows for assessing the long-term effects of past climate change on the thermal structure of a lake. The study confirms the need to not only evaluate changes in all atmospheric forcing but also changes in the watershed or throughflow heat energy and changes in light penetration to assess the lake thermal structure. Then, we show how the data platform can be used to study and compare the role of episodic strong wind events for different lakes on a regional scale and especially how their thermal structure is temporarily destabilized. With this open-access data platform, we demonstrate a new path forward for scientists and practitioners promoting a cross exchange of expertise through openly sharing in situ and model data.
Gaudard, A.; Råman Vinnå, L.; Bärenbold, F.; Schmid, M.; Bouffard, D. (2019) Toward an open access to high-frequency lake modeling and statistics data for scientists and practitioners - the case of Swiss lakes using Simstrat v2.1, Geoscientific Model Development, 12(9), 3955-3974, doi:10.5194/gmd-12-3955-2019, Institutional Repository
Lake surface temperatures in a changing climate: a global sensitivity analysis
We estimate the effects of climatic changes, as predicted by six climate models, on lake surface temperatures on a global scale, using the lake surface equilibrium temperature as a proxy. We evaluate interactions between different forcing variables, the sensitivity of lake surface temperatures to these variables, as well as differences between climate zones. Lake surface equilibrium temperatures are predicted to increase by 70 to 85 % of the increase in air temperatures. On average, air temperature is the main driver for changes in lake surface temperatures, and its effect is reduced by ~10 % by changes in other meteorological variables. However, the contribution of these other variables to the variance is ~40 % of that of air temperature, and their effects can be important at specific locations. The warming increases the importance of longwave radiation and evaporation for the lake surface heat balance compared to shortwave radiation and convective heat fluxes. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the design and evaluation of different types of studies on climate change effects on lakes.
Schmid, M.; Hunziker, S.; Wüest, A. (2014) Lake surface temperatures in a changing climate: a global sensitivity analysis, Climatic Change, 124(1-2), 301-315, doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1087-2, Institutional Repository
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authors => protected'Haltiner, L.; Spaak, P.; Dennis, S. R.; Feulner, P. G. D.' (92 chars)
title => protected'Population genetic insights into establishment, adaptation, and dispersal of the invasive quagga mussel across perialpine lakes' (127 chars)
journal => protected'Evolutionary Applications' (25 chars)
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categories => protected'ddRADseq; dispersal; Dreissena; phenotypic plasticity; population genetics' (74 chars)
description => protected'Human activities have facilitated the invasion of freshwater ecosystems by v arious organisms. Especially, invasive bivalves such as the quagga mussels, <em>Dreissena bugensis</em>, have the potential to alter ecosystem function as they heavily affect the food web. Quagga mussels occur in high abundance, have a high filtration rate, quickly spread within and between waterbodies via pelagic larvae, and colonize various substrates. They have invaded vario us waterbodies across the Northern Hemisphere. In Central Europe, they have invaded multiple large and deep perialpine lakes with first recordings in La ke Geneva in 2015 and 2016 in Lake Constance. In the deep perialpine lakes, quagga mussels quickly colonized the littoral zone but are also abundant dee per (>80 m), where they are often thinner and brighter shelled. We anal ysed 675 quagga mussels using ddRAD sequencing to gain in-depth insights int o the genetic population structure of quagga mussels across Central European lakes and across various sites and depth habitats in Lake Constance. We rev ealed substantial genetic differentiation amongst quagga mussel populations from three unconnected lakes, and all populations showed high genetic divers ity and effective population size. In Lake Constance, we detected no genetic differentiation amongst quagga mussels sampled across different sites and d epth habitats. We also did not identify any convincing candidate loci eviden tial for adaptation along a depth gradient and a transplant experiment showe d no indications of local adaptation to living in the deep based on investig ating growth and survival. Hence, the shallow-water and the deep-water morph otypes seem to be a result of phenotypic plasticity rather than local adapta tion to depth. In conclusion, our ddRAD approach revealed insight into the e stablishment of genetically distinct quagga mussel populations in three peri alpine lakes and suggests that phenotypic plasticity and life history traits (broadcast spawner with...' (2138 chars)
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authors => protected'Kraemer, B. M.; Boudet, S.; Burlakova, L. E.; Halti ner, L.; Ibelings, B. W.; Karatayev, A. Y.; Karatay ev, V. A.; Rossbacher, S.; Stöckli, R.; Straile, D .; Spaak, P.' (245 chars)
title => protected'An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes' (60 chars)
journal => protected'Environmental Research Letters' (30 chars)
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startpage => protected'124008 (11 pp.)' (15 chars)
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categories => protected'quagga; mussels; lakes; future; nebiota; freshwater' (51 chars)
description => protected'Quagga mussels have expanded their range across the northern hemisphere in r ecent decades owing to their dispersal abilities, prolific reproduction rate s, and broad ecological tolerances. Their remarkable capacity to filter part iculates from the water column has had profound effects on inland aquatic ec osystems. In the North American Great Lakes, quagga mussel populations have increased inexorably since the late 1980's, but it remains unclear whether q uagga mussels will follow a similar trajectory in Europe where they have app eared more recently. Here we apply knowledge from a long-term quagga populat ion monitoring effort in the North American lakes to predict future quagga p opulations in deep European lakes, where quaggas are quickly becoming a cons picuous part of the underwater landscape. We predict that quagga mussel biom ass in Lakes Biel, Constance, and Geneva may increase by a factor of 9-20 by 2045. Like in North America, this increase may be characterized by a shift to larger individuals and deeper depths as the population matures. If realiz ed, this rapid expansion of quagga mussels would likely drive the largest aq uatic ecosystem change in deep European lakes since the eutrophication perio d of the mid-20th century.' (1242 chars)
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authors => protected'Haltiner, L.; Zhang, H.; Anneville, O.; De Ventura, L.; DeWeber, J. T.; Hesselschwerdt, J.; Koss, M.; Rasconi,&n bsp;S.; Rothhaupt, K.-O.; Schick, R.; Schmidt, B.; Spaak,&nbs p;P.; Teiber-Siessegger, P.; Wessels, M.; Zeh, M.; Dennis,&nb sp;S. R.' (317 chars)
title => protected'The distribution and spread of quagga mussels in perialpine lakes north of t he Alps' (83 chars)
journal => protected'Aquatic Invasions' (17 chars)
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categories => protected'Dreissena density; Dreissena bugensis; veliger phenology; monitoring; Lake C onstance; invasive species' (102 chars)
description => protected'The dreissenids, quagga mussel <em>Dreissena bugensis</em> and zebra mussel <em>D. polymorpha</em>, are invasive freshwater mussels in Europe and North America. These species strongly impact aquatic ecosystems, such as the food web through their high abundance and filtration rate. They spread quickly wi thin and between waterbodies, and have the ability to colonize various subst rates and depths. The zebra mussel invaded and established in Swiss lakes in the 1960s, whereas the quagga mussel was not detected until 2014. We collec ted all available data from cantonal as well as local authorities and other institutions to describe the colonization pattern of quagga mussels in peria lpine lakes north of the Alps. We also collected data regarding the distribu tion of larval stages of the mussels, the so-called veliger larvae. We obser ved that in lakes colonized by the quagga mussel, veligers are present the w hole year round, whereas they are absent in winter in lakes with only zebra mussels. Additionally, we present detailed information about the invasion an d colonization pattern of quagga mussels in Lake Constance. Quagga mussels c olonized the lakeshore within a few years (~ 2016-2018), outcompeted zebra m ussels, and have reached densities > 5000 ind. m<sup>-2</sup> in the litt oral zone, even at 80 m densities above 1000 ind. m<sup>-2</sup> were found at some locations. At the end of the article, we discussed possibilities on how the spread of quagga mussels within and among northern perialpine lakes should be monitored and prevented in the future.' (1568 chars)
serialnumber => protected'1798-6540' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.3391/ai.2022.17.2.02' (23 chars)
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authors => protected'Hudson, C. M.; Lucek, K.; Marques, D. A.; Alexander , T. J.; Moosmann, M.; Spaak, P.; Seehausen, O.; Ma tthews, B.' (167 chars)
title => protected'Threespine stickleback in Lake Constance: the ecology and genomic substrate of a recent invasion' (96 chars)
journal => protected'Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution' (34 chars)
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startpage => protected'611672 (22 pp.)' (15 chars)
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categories => protected'adaptive radiation; contemporary evolution; lake constance; invasive species ; stickleback' (89 chars)
description => protected'Invasive species can be powerful models for studying contemporary evolution in natural environments. As invading organisms often encounter new habitats during colonization, they will experience novel selection pressures. Threesp ine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) have recently colonized lar ge parts of Switzerland and are invasive in Lake Constance. Introduced to se veral watersheds roughly 150 years ago, they spread across the Swiss Plateau (400–800 m a.s.l.), bringing three divergent hitherto allopatric lineages into secondary contact. As stickleback have colonized a variety of differen t habitat types during this recent range expansion, the Swiss system is a us eful model for studying contemporary evolution with and without secondary co ntact. For example, in the Lake Constance region there has been rapid phenot ypic and genetic divergence between a lake population and some stream popula tions. There is considerable phenotypic variation within the lake population , with individuals foraging in and occupying littoral, offshore pelagic, and profundal waters, the latter of which is a very unusual habitat for stickle back. Furthermore, adults from the lake population can reach up to three tim es the size of adults from the surrounding stream populations, and are large by comparison to populations globally. Here, we review the historical origi ns of the threespine stickleback in Switzerland, and the ecomorphological va riation and genomic basis of its invasion in Lake Constance. We also outline the potential ecological impacts of this invasion, and highlight the intere st for contemporary evolution studies.' (1634 chars)
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authors => protected'Blackman, R. C.; Benucci, M.; Donnelly, R. C.; Hän fling, B.; Harper, L. R.; Sellers, G. S.; Lawson Ha ndley, L.' (166 chars)
title => protected'Simple, sensitive and species-specific assays for detecting quagga and zebra mussels (<em>Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and D. polymorpha</em>) using environmental DNA' (169 chars)
journal => protected'Management of Biological Invasions' (34 chars)
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categories => protected'Dreissenidae; detection; invasive; mesocosm; molecular; PCR' (59 chars)
description => protected'Early detection is paramount for attempts to remove invasive non-native spec ies (INNS). Traditional methods rely on physical sampling and morphological identification, which can be problematic when species are in low densities a nd/or are cryptic. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a monitoring tool in freshwater systems is becoming increasingly acceptable and widely used fo r the detection of single species. Here we demonstrate the development and a pplication of standard PCR primers for the detection of two freshwater invas ive species which are high priority for monitoring in the UK and elsewhere: the Dreissenid mussels; <em>Dreissena rostriformis bugensis</em> (Andrusov, 1987) and <em>D. polymorpha</em> (Pallas, 1771). We carried out a rigorous v alidation process for testing the new primers, including DNA detection and d egradation experiments in mesocosms, and a field comparison with traditional monitoring protocols. eDNA from single individuals of both mussel species c ould be detected within four hours of the start of the mesocosm experiment. In field trials, the two mussel species were detected at all sites where the species are known to be present, and eDNA consistently outperformed traditi onal kick-net sampling for species detection. These results demonstrate the applicability of standard PCR for eDNA detection of freshwater invasive spec ies.' (1372 chars)
serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
doi => protected'10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.04' (24 chars)
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authors => protected'De Ventura, L.; Weissert, N.; Tobias, R.; Kopp, K.; Joke la, J.' (87 chars)
title => protected'Identifying target factors for interventions to increase boat cleaning in or der to prevent spread of invasive species' (117 chars)
journal => protected'Management of Biological Invasions' (34 chars)
year => protected2017 (integer)
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categories => protected'recreational boating; distribution vectors; Dreissena polymorpha; behavioral change; preventive measures' (104 chars)
description => protected'Overland transport of recreational boats is among the most important distrib ution vectors for aquatic invasive zebra and quagga mussels between inland w aters. Simple measures such as instructing boat owners how to prepare their boat for transport so that the boat does not carry invasive species are cons idered to be important prevention measures. Nevertheless, the net effects of such measures are poorly understood and the boat cleaning behavior of boat owners has never been studied in detail before the implementation of such pr eventive measures. Using a "self-report" questionnaire, we investigated the boat cleaning behavior of boat owners in Switzerland where almost no prevent ive measures have been taken yet. We found that the self-reported boat clea ning rates are high, with 92% of boaters cleaning their boat upon finding mu ssels attached to their boat and 84% of them cleaning their boat before a tr ansport. Nevertheless, only half of the boat owners report using high pressu re washing to clean their boat before overland transport and many use ineffe ctive cleaning methods.<BR/>
We show the importance of informing boat owners on the appropriate methods to remove invasive species from their boat and s uggest that high pressure washing facilities should be made available at all potentially infested water bodies. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the boat cleaning behavior could be significantly improved by changing how boat owners value the perceived costs and benefits of cleaning, as well as by in creasing their awareness of the potential negative impacts on aquatic ecosys tems caused by non-native species. With regard to a possible spread of zebra mussels to uninfested alpine lakes and the imminent spread of quagga mussel s in Switzerland, we conclude that the Swiss boating community would be open to accepting implementation of prevention measures.' (1876 chars)
serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
doi => protected'10.3391/mbi.2017.8.1.07' (23 chars)
uid => protected15209 (integer)
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authors => protected'de Ventura, L.; Weissert, N.; Tobias, R.; Kopp, K.; Joke la, J.' (87 chars)
title => protected'Overland transport of recreational boats as a spreading vector of zebra muss el <em>Dreissena polymorpha</em>' (108 chars)
journal => protected'Biological Invasions' (20 chars)
year => protected2016 (integer)
volume => protected18 (integer)
issue => protected'5' (1 chars)
startpage => protected'1451' (4 chars)
otherpage => protected'1466' (4 chars)
categories => protected'recreational boating; invasive species; distribution vectors; Dreissena poly morpha; fragmented river networks; small craft boats' (128 chars)
description => protected'In aquatic ecosystems invasive species are among the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide. Understanding the dispersal mechanisms of aquatic invaders is very important for protection and management of vulnerable wate r bodies. Here we ask how recreational boats that are transported overland c ould contribute to the dispersal of invasive zebra mussels among lakes in Sw itzerland. Using a questionnaire sent to registered boat owners, we surveyed properties of transported boats and collected information on self-reported mussel fouling and transport activities of boat owners. We also sampled boat hulls at launching ramps and harbors for biofouling invertebrates. Boats th at were kept seasonally or year-round in water were found to have high vecto r potential with mussel fouling rates of more than 40 %. However, only abou t 6 % of boats belonging to these groups were transported overland to other water bodies. Considering that approximately 100,000 recreational boats are registered in Switzerland, we estimated that every year around 1400 boats f ouled with mussels are transported overland. Such boats pose a high risk of distributing zebra mussels between water bodies. Our results suggest that th ere is a considerable risk that recreational boats may spread new fouling sp ecies to all navigable water bodies within the study area. We speculate that one such species could be the quagga mussel, which has not yet invaded lake s in Switzerland. On a more positive note, our study has identified the grou p of high-risk boats so that possible control measures would only affect a r elatively small number of boat owners.' (1634 chars)
serialnumber => protected'1387-3547' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1007/s10530-016-1094-5' (25 chars)
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Population genetic insights into establishment, adaptation, and dispersal of the invasive quagga mussel across perialpine lakes
Human activities have facilitated the invasion of freshwater ecosystems by various organisms. Especially, invasive bivalves such as the quagga mussels, Dreissena bugensis, have the potential to alter ecosystem function as they heavily affect the food web. Quagga mussels occur in high abundance, have a high filtration rate, quickly spread within and between waterbodies via pelagic larvae, and colonize various substrates. They have invaded various waterbodies across the Northern Hemisphere. In Central Europe, they have invaded multiple large and deep perialpine lakes with first recordings in Lake Geneva in 2015 and 2016 in Lake Constance. In the deep perialpine lakes, quagga mussels quickly colonized the littoral zone but are also abundant deeper (>80 m), where they are often thinner and brighter shelled. We analysed 675 quagga mussels using ddRAD sequencing to gain in-depth insights into the genetic population structure of quagga mussels across Central European lakes and across various sites and depth habitats in Lake Constance. We revealed substantial genetic differentiation amongst quagga mussel populations from three unconnected lakes, and all populations showed high genetic diversity and effective population size. In Lake Constance, we detected no genetic differentiation amongst quagga mussels sampled across different sites and depth habitats. We also did not identify any convincing candidate loci evidential for adaptation along a depth gradient and a transplant experiment showed no indications of local adaptation to living in the deep based on investigating growth and survival. Hence, the shallow-water and the deep-water morphotypes seem to be a result of phenotypic plasticity rather than local adaptation to depth. In conclusion, our ddRAD approach revealed insight into the establishment of genetically distinct quagga mussel populations in three perialpine lakes and suggests that phenotypic plasticity and life history traits (broadcast spawner with high fecundity and dispersing pelagic larvae) facilitate the fast spread and colonization of various depth habitats by the quagga mussel.
Haltiner, L.; Spaak, P.; Dennis, S. R.; Feulner, P. G. D. (2024) Population genetic insights into establishment, adaptation, and dispersal of the invasive quagga mussel across perialpine lakes, Evolutionary Applications, 17(1), e13620 (16 pp.), doi:10.1111/eva.13620, Institutional Repository
An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes
Quagga mussels have expanded their range across the northern hemisphere in recent decades owing to their dispersal abilities, prolific reproduction rates, and broad ecological tolerances. Their remarkable capacity to filter particulates from the water column has had profound effects on inland aquatic ecosystems. In the North American Great Lakes, quagga mussel populations have increased inexorably since the late 1980's, but it remains unclear whether quagga mussels will follow a similar trajectory in Europe where they have appeared more recently. Here we apply knowledge from a long-term quagga population monitoring effort in the North American lakes to predict future quagga populations in deep European lakes, where quaggas are quickly becoming a conspicuous part of the underwater landscape. We predict that quagga mussel biomass in Lakes Biel, Constance, and Geneva may increase by a factor of 9-20 by 2045. Like in North America, this increase may be characterized by a shift to larger individuals and deeper depths as the population matures. If realized, this rapid expansion of quagga mussels would likely drive the largest aquatic ecosystem change in deep European lakes since the eutrophication period of the mid-20th century.
Kraemer, B. M.; Boudet, S.; Burlakova, L. E.; Haltiner, L.; Ibelings, B. W.; Karatayev, A. Y.; Karatayev, V. A.; Rossbacher, S.; Stöckli, R.; Straile, D.; Spaak, P. (2023) An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes, Environmental Research Letters, 18(12), 124008 (11 pp.), doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad059f, Institutional Repository
The distribution and spread of quagga mussels in perialpine lakes north of the Alps
The dreissenids, quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis and zebra mussel D. polymorpha, are invasive freshwater mussels in Europe and North America. These species strongly impact aquatic ecosystems, such as the food web through their high abundance and filtration rate. They spread quickly within and between waterbodies, and have the ability to colonize various substrates and depths. The zebra mussel invaded and established in Swiss lakes in the 1960s, whereas the quagga mussel was not detected until 2014. We collected all available data from cantonal as well as local authorities and other institutions to describe the colonization pattern of quagga mussels in perialpine lakes north of the Alps. We also collected data regarding the distribution of larval stages of the mussels, the so-called veliger larvae. We observed that in lakes colonized by the quagga mussel, veligers are present the whole year round, whereas they are absent in winter in lakes with only zebra mussels. Additionally, we present detailed information about the invasion and colonization pattern of quagga mussels in Lake Constance. Quagga mussels colonized the lakeshore within a few years (~ 2016-2018), outcompeted zebra mussels, and have reached densities > 5000 ind. m-2 in the littoral zone, even at 80 m densities above 1000 ind. m-2 were found at some locations. At the end of the article, we discussed possibilities on how the spread of quagga mussels within and among northern perialpine lakes should be monitored and prevented in the future.
Haltiner, L.; Zhang, H.; Anneville, O.; De Ventura, L.; DeWeber, J. T.; Hesselschwerdt, J.; Koss, M.; Rasconi, S.; Rothhaupt, K.-O.; Schick, R.; Schmidt, B.; Spaak, P.; Teiber-Siessegger, P.; Wessels, M.; Zeh, M.; Dennis, S. R. (2022) The distribution and spread of quagga mussels in perialpine lakes north of the Alps, Aquatic Invasions, 17(2), 153-173, doi:10.3391/ai.2022.17.2.02, Institutional Repository
Threespine stickleback in Lake Constance: the ecology and genomic substrate of a recent invasion
Invasive species can be powerful models for studying contemporary evolution in natural environments. As invading organisms often encounter new habitats during colonization, they will experience novel selection pressures. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) have recently colonized large parts of Switzerland and are invasive in Lake Constance. Introduced to several watersheds roughly 150 years ago, they spread across the Swiss Plateau (400–800 m a.s.l.), bringing three divergent hitherto allopatric lineages into secondary contact. As stickleback have colonized a variety of different habitat types during this recent range expansion, the Swiss system is a useful model for studying contemporary evolution with and without secondary contact. For example, in the Lake Constance region there has been rapid phenotypic and genetic divergence between a lake population and some stream populations. There is considerable phenotypic variation within the lake population, with individuals foraging in and occupying littoral, offshore pelagic, and profundal waters, the latter of which is a very unusual habitat for stickleback. Furthermore, adults from the lake population can reach up to three times the size of adults from the surrounding stream populations, and are large by comparison to populations globally. Here, we review the historical origins of the threespine stickleback in Switzerland, and the ecomorphological variation and genomic basis of its invasion in Lake Constance. We also outline the potential ecological impacts of this invasion, and highlight the interest for contemporary evolution studies.
Hudson, C. M.; Lucek, K.; Marques, D. A.; Alexander, T. J.; Moosmann, M.; Spaak, P.; Seehausen, O.; Matthews, B. (2021) Threespine stickleback in Lake Constance: the ecology and genomic substrate of a recent invasion, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 611672 (22 pp.), doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.611672, Institutional Repository
Simple, sensitive and species-specific assays for detecting quagga and zebra mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and D. polymorpha) using environmental DNA
Early detection is paramount for attempts to remove invasive non-native species (INNS). Traditional methods rely on physical sampling and morphological identification, which can be problematic when species are in low densities and/or are cryptic. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a monitoring tool in freshwater systems is becoming increasingly acceptable and widely used for the detection of single species. Here we demonstrate the development and application of standard PCR primers for the detection of two freshwater invasive species which are high priority for monitoring in the UK and elsewhere: the Dreissenid mussels; Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1987) and D. polymorpha (Pallas, 1771). We carried out a rigorous validation process for testing the new primers, including DNA detection and degradation experiments in mesocosms, and a field comparison with traditional monitoring protocols. eDNA from single individuals of both mussel species could be detected within four hours of the start of the mesocosm experiment. In field trials, the two mussel species were detected at all sites where the species are known to be present, and eDNA consistently outperformed traditional kick-net sampling for species detection. These results demonstrate the applicability of standard PCR for eDNA detection of freshwater invasive species.
Blackman, R. C.; Benucci, M.; Donnelly, R. C.; Hänfling, B.; Harper, L. R.; Sellers, G. S.; Lawson Handley, L. (2020) Simple, sensitive and species-specific assays for detecting quagga and zebra mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and D. polymorpha) using environmental DNA, Management of Biological Invasions, 11(2), 218-236, doi:10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.04, Institutional Repository
Identifying target factors for interventions to increase boat cleaning in order to prevent spread of invasive species
Overland transport of recreational boats is among the most important distribution vectors for aquatic invasive zebra and quagga mussels between inland waters. Simple measures such as instructing boat owners how to prepare their boat for transport so that the boat does not carry invasive species are considered to be important prevention measures. Nevertheless, the net effects of such measures are poorly understood and the boat cleaning behavior of boat owners has never been studied in detail before the implementation of such preventive measures. Using a "self-report" questionnaire, we investigated the boat cleaning behavior of boat owners in Switzerland where almost no preventive measures have been taken yet. We found that the self-reported boat cleaning rates are high, with 92% of boaters cleaning their boat upon finding mussels attached to their boat and 84% of them cleaning their boat before a transport. Nevertheless, only half of the boat owners report using high pressure washing to clean their boat before overland transport and many use ineffective cleaning methods.
We show the importance of informing boat owners on the appropriate methods to remove invasive species from their boat and suggest that high pressure washing facilities should be made available at all potentially infested water bodies. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the boat cleaning behavior could be significantly improved by changing how boat owners value the perceived costs and benefits of cleaning, as well as by increasing their awareness of the potential negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems caused by non-native species. With regard to a possible spread of zebra mussels to uninfested alpine lakes and the imminent spread of quagga mussels in Switzerland, we conclude that the Swiss boating community would be open to accepting implementation of prevention measures.
De Ventura, L.; Weissert, N.; Tobias, R.; Kopp, K.; Jokela, J. (2017) Identifying target factors for interventions to increase boat cleaning in order to prevent spread of invasive species, Management of Biological Invasions, 8(1), 71-84, doi:10.3391/mbi.2017.8.1.07, Institutional Repository
Overland transport of recreational boats as a spreading vector of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
In aquatic ecosystems invasive species are among the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide. Understanding the dispersal mechanisms of aquatic invaders is very important for protection and management of vulnerable water bodies. Here we ask how recreational boats that are transported overland could contribute to the dispersal of invasive zebra mussels among lakes in Switzerland. Using a questionnaire sent to registered boat owners, we surveyed properties of transported boats and collected information on self-reported mussel fouling and transport activities of boat owners. We also sampled boat hulls at launching ramps and harbors for biofouling invertebrates. Boats that were kept seasonally or year-round in water were found to have high vector potential with mussel fouling rates of more than 40 %. However, only about 6 % of boats belonging to these groups were transported overland to other water bodies. Considering that approximately 100,000 recreational boats are registered in Switzerland, we estimated that every year around 1400 boats fouled with mussels are transported overland. Such boats pose a high risk of distributing zebra mussels between water bodies. Our results suggest that there is a considerable risk that recreational boats may spread new fouling species to all navigable water bodies within the study area. We speculate that one such species could be the quagga mussel, which has not yet invaded lakes in Switzerland. On a more positive note, our study has identified the group of high-risk boats so that possible control measures would only affect a relatively small number of boat owners.
de Ventura, L.; Weissert, N.; Tobias, R.; Kopp, K.; Jokela, J. (2016) Overland transport of recreational boats as a spreading vector of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, Biological Invasions, 18(5), 1451-1466, doi:10.1007/s10530-016-1094-5, Institutional Repository
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authors => protected'Faust, E.; Conrads, J.; Giulio, M.; Ciofi, C.; Natali,&n bsp;C.; Feulner, P. G. D.; Weber, A. A. -T.' (149 chars)
title => protected'Beyond genetic indicators: how reproductive mode and hybridisation challenge freshwater mussel conservation' (107 chars)
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description => protected'Genetic diversity is a fundamental aspect of biodiversity, yet it is rarely assessed and monitored in conservation practice. Unionid freshwater mussels exemplify the dramatic loss of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems, yet ge nomic data for these ecologically important species remain scarce. Here, we conducted a high-resolution population genomics study of all <em>Anodonta</e m> species in Switzerland, with a focus on two species with contrasting repr oductive strategies. After generating draft genomes of the hermaphroditic <e m>Anodonta cygnea</em> and the gonochoric <em>Anodonta anatina</em>, we perf ormed whole-genome resequencing of 421 individuals collected in 31 localitie s. While <em>A. anatina</em> populations followed a metapopulation structu re shaped by catchment areas, genetic diversity correlated positively with w aterbody size, suggesting greater vulnerability in small ponds compared with large lakes. Inbreeding levels were low; however, effective population size s were consistently below 100, indicating serious extinction risks. Strong d ivergence between <em>A. anatina</em> populations north and south of the A lps suggests a putative undescribed <em>Anodonta</em> species in the Ticino area. Furthermore, we detected hybridisation between <em>A. cygnea</em> an d <em>A. exulcerata</em>, indicating genomic permeability between these sp ecies. In addition, genomic data suggested facultative selfing in <em>A. c ygnea</em>, leading to a marked reduction in genetic diversity, increased po pulation structure and inbreeding and a decline in effective population size compared to the outcrossing <em>A. anatina</em>. Our study underscores th at reproductive strategy fundamentally shapes genetic indicators of biodiver sity and influences extinction risk; conservation targets should therefore b e adapted to the biology of the species of interest. To conclude, we advocat e for integrating reproductive mode and genomic data into conservation plann ing to more accurately a...' (2047 chars)
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authors => protected'Frei, D.; Mwaiko, S.; Seehausen, O.; Feulner, P. G. D.' (84 chars)
title => protected'Ecological disturbance reduces genomic diversity across an Alpine whitefish adaptive radiation' (94 chars)
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categories => protected'Alpine whitefish; anthropogenic environmental change; genomic diversity decl ine' (79 chars)
description => protected'Genomic diversity is associated with the adaptive potential of a population and thereby impacts the extinction risk of a species during environmental ch ange. However, empirical data on genomic diversity of populations before env ironmental perturbations are rare and hence our understanding of the impact of perturbation on diversity is often limited. We here assess genomic divers ity utilising whole-genome resequencing data from all four species of the La ke Constance Alpine whitefish radiation. Our data covers a period of strong but transient anthropogenic environmental change and permits us to track cha nges in genomic diversity in all species over time. Genomic diversity became strongly reduced during the period of anthropogenic disturbance and has not recovered yet. The decrease in genomic diversity varies between 18% and 30% , depending on the species. Interspecific allele frequency differences of SN Ps located in potentially ecologically relevant genes were homogenized over time. This suggests that in addition to the reduction of genome-wide genetic variation, the differentiation that evolved in the process of adaptation to alternative ecologies between species might have been lost during the ecolo gical disturbance. The erosion of substantial amounts of genomic variation w ithin just a few generations in combination with the loss of potentially ada ptive genomic differentiation, both of which had evolved over thousands of y ears, demonstrates the sensitivity of biodiversity in evolutionary young ada ptive radiations towards environmental disturbance. Natural history collecti ons, such as the one used for this study, are instrumental in the assessment of genomic consequences of anthropogenic environmental change. Historical s amples enable us to document biodiversity loss against the shifting baseline syndrome and advance our understanding of the need for efficient biodiversi ty conservation on a global scale.' (1934 chars)
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authors => protected'Alexander, T.; Seehausen, O.' (38 chars)
title => protected'Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lake s. "Projet Lac" synthesis report' (108 chars)
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categories => protected'lake; fish; biodiversity; conservation; endemism; environmental change; moni toring; fisheries; biogeography; climate change' (123 chars)
description => protected'Das Projet Lac war ein grosses Projekt der Eawag und der Universität Bern z ur erstmaligen quantitativen Erfassung ganzer Fischgemeinschaften in grossen und tiefen Seen in und um die europäischen Alpen mit standardisierten Prob enahmeverfahren. Ab 2010 wurden insgesamt 35 Seen in der Schweiz, Italien, F rankreich, Deutschland und Österreich untersucht und über 106 Fischarten e rfasst. Dieser Bericht fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammen, vergleicht die Fischgemeinschaften der einzelnen Seen, untersucht ihre Beziehung zu Um weltparametern und gibt einen Überblick über die Faktoren, welche die biol ogische Vielfalt und die Struktur der Gemeinschaften in diesem wichtigen Ök osystem beeinflussen.<br /><br />Le Projet Lac était un grand projet de l'E awag et de l'Université de Berne visant à recenser pour la première fois< br />de manière quantitative des communautés entières de poissons dans le s grands et profonds lacs des Alpes européennes et de leurs environs, à l'aide de méthodes d'échantillonnage standardisées. A partir de 2010, 35 lacs au total ont été étudiés en Suisse, en Italie, en France, en Allema gne et en Autriche et plus de 106 espèces de poissons ont été recensées. Ce rapport résume les principaux résultats, compare les communautés de p oissons des différents lacs, examine leur relation avec les paramètres env ironnementaux et donne un aperçu des facteurs qui influencent la diversité biologique et la structure des communautés dans cet écosystème important .<br /><br />Il Projet Lac era un progetto su larga scala dell'Eawag e dell' Università di Berna per la prima indagine quantitativa di intere comunità di pesci in laghi grandi e profondi nelle Alpi europee e dintorni, utilizzan do metodi di campionamento standardizzati. A partire dal 2010, un totale di 35 laghi in Svizzera, Italia, Francia, Germania e Austria sono stati studiat i e sono state registrate oltre 106 specie di pesci. Questo rapporto riassum e i risultati principali...' (2908 chars)
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authors => protected'Lyautey, E.; Bonnineau, C.; Billard, P.; Loizeau, J.-L.; Naffrechoux, E.; Tlili, A.; Topp, E.; Ferrari, B. J. D.; Pesce, S.' (178 chars)
title => protected'Diversity, functions and antibiotic resistance of sediment microbial communi ties from Lake Geneva are driven by the spatial distribution of anthropogeni c contamination' (167 chars)
journal => protected'Frontiers in Microbiology' (25 chars)
year => protected2021 (integer)
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startpage => protected'738629 (15 pp.)' (15 chars)
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categories => protected'benthic communities; microbial ecotoxicology; metals; organic matter; PCB; P AH; resistance genes' (96 chars)
description => protected'Lake sediments are natural receptors for a wide range of anthropogenic conta minants including organic matter and toxicants such as trace metals, polycyc lic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls that accumulate over ti me. This contamination can impact benthic communities, including microorgani sms which play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling and food-webs. The p resent survey aimed at exploring whether anthropogenic contamination, at a l arge lake scale, can influence the diversity, structure and functions of mic robial communities associated to surface sediment, as well as their genetic potential for resistance to metals and antibiotics. Changes in the character istics of these communities were assessed in surface sediments collected in Lake Geneva from eight sampling sites in October 2017 and May 2018. These sa mpling sites were characterized by a large concentration range of metal and organic compound contamination. Variation between the two sampling periods w ere very limited for all sampling sites and measured microbial parameters. I n contrast, spatial variations were observed, with two sites being distinct from each other, and from the other six sites. Benthic communities from the most contaminated sampling site (Vidy Bay, near the city of Lausanne) were c haracterized by the lowest bacterial and archaeal diversity, a distinct comm unity composition, the highest abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and functional (respiration, denitrification, methanogenesis, phosphatase, and b eta-glucosidase) activity levels. The second sampling site which is highly i nfluenced by inputs from the Rhône River, exhibited low levels of diversity , a distinct community composition, high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and the highest bacterial abundance. Overall, our results suggest that local anthropogenic contamination, including organic matter and toxicants, is a major driver of the diversity and functioning of sediment-microbial com munities in Lake Geneva....' (2208 chars)
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doi => protected'10.3389/fmicb.2021.738629' (25 chars)
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authors => protected'Vivien, R.; Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, L.; Pawlowski, J.; Wern er, I.; Lafont, M.; Ferrari, B. J. D.' (138 chars)
title => protected'High-throughput DNA barcoding of oligochaetes for abundance-based indices to assess the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes' (140 chars)
journal => protected'Scientific Reports' (18 chars)
year => protected2020 (integer)
volume => protected10 (integer)
issue => protected'' (0 chars)
startpage => protected'2041 (8 pp.)' (12 chars)
otherpage => protected'' (0 chars)
categories => protected'' (0 chars)
description => protected'Aquatic oligochaete communities are valuable indicators of the biological qu ality of sediments in streams and lakes, but identification of specimens to the species level based on morphological features requires solid expertise i n taxonomy and is possible only for a fraction of specimens present in a sam ple. The identification of aquatic oligochaetes using DNA barcodes would fac ilitate their use in biomonitoring and allow a wider use of this taxonomic g roup for ecological diagnoses. Previous approaches based on DNA metabarcodin g of samples composed of total sediments or pools of specimens have been pro posed for assessing the biological quality of ecosystems, but such methods d o not provide precise information on species abundance, which limits the val ue of resulting ecological diagnoses. Here, we tested how a DNA barcoding ap proach based on high-throughput sequencing of sorted and genetically tagged specimens performed to assess oligochaete species diversity and abundance an d the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes. We applied both molecular and morphological approaches at 13 sites in Swiss streams and at 7 sites in Lake Geneva. We genetically identified 33 or 66 specimens per site . For both approaches, we used the same index calculations. We found that th e ecological diagnoses derived from the genetic approach matched well with t hose of the morphological approach and that the genetic identification of on ly 33 specimens per site provided enough ecological information for correctl y estimating the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes.' (1590 chars)
serialnumber => protected'2045-2322' (9 chars)
doi => protected'10.1038/s41598-020-58703-2' (26 chars)
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authors => protected'Vivien, R.; Lafont, M.; Lods-Crozet, B.; Holzmann, M.; A pothéloz-Perret-Gentil, L.; Guigoz, Y.; Ferrari, B. J.& nbsp;D.' (159 chars)
title => protected'The foreign oligochaete species <em>Quistadrilus multisetosus</em> (Smith, 1 900) in Lake Geneva: morphological and molecular characterization and enviro nmental influences on its distribution' (190 chars)
journal => protected'Biology' (7 chars)
year => protected2020 (integer)
volume => protected9 (integer)
issue => protected'12' (2 chars)
startpage => protected'436 (17 pp.)' (12 chars)
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categories => protected'oligochaete; Quistadrilus multisetosus; Lake Geneva; repartition; ecology; i nvasive potential; identification key; phylogenetic analysis' (136 chars)
description => protected'The presence of the oligochaete species <em>Quistadrilus multisetosus</em> ( Smith, 1900) originating from North America has been mentioned for several d ecades in Europe, the Middle East and Russia. Its distribution and abundance in Europe is still unknown but it can be considered as potentially invasive . This species was recently discovered in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) a nd three other Swiss lakes. The aims of the present work are to report its r epartition and abundance in Lake Geneva, to study its ecology and to determi ne its invasive potential in this lake. We also provide an identification ke y for correctly differentiating <em>Q. multisetosus</em> from the closely re lated species <em>Spirosperma ferox</em> Eisen, 1879 and <em>Embolocephalus velutinus</em> (Grube, 1879), and study the phylogenetic position of <em>Q. multisetosus</em> within several Tubificinae lineages based on the cytochrom e c oxidase (COI) marker. Twenty-eight sites have been monitored since 2009 in Lake Geneva. In several sites, the COI sequence corresponding to this spe cies was also searched for in sediment samples using high-throughput sequenc ing. In addition, we examined specimens collected in this lake before 2009 l ikely to belong to <em>Q. multisetosus</em> and to have been misidentified. We found that <em>Q. multisetosus</em> was only present in the lake downstre am of a wastewater treatment plant and a combined sewer overflow in the Vidy Bay (near Lausanne) and at a site located nearby. These results confirmed t he high tolerance of this species to organic matter pollution. <em>Q. multis etosus</em> was already present in this location in 1974 (misidentified as S pirosperma ferox), which suggests that <em>Q. multisetosus</em> has a limite d capacity to disseminate in this lake. However, we recommend continuing mon itoring its presence in Lake Geneva in the future, especially in the context of warming of waters that could contribute to the expansion of this species .' (1977 chars)
serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
doi => protected'10.3390/biology9120436' (22 chars)
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Beyond genetic indicators: how reproductive mode and hybridisation challenge freshwater mussel conservation
Genetic diversity is a fundamental aspect of biodiversity, yet it is rarely assessed and monitored in conservation practice. Unionid freshwater mussels exemplify the dramatic loss of biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems, yet genomic data for these ecologically important species remain scarce. Here, we conducted a high-resolution population genomics study of all Anodonta species in Switzerland, with a focus on two species with contrasting reproductive strategies. After generating draft genomes of the hermaphroditic Anodonta cygnea and the gonochoric Anodonta anatina, we performed whole-genome resequencing of 421 individuals collected in 31 localities. While A. anatina populations followed a metapopulation structure shaped by catchment areas, genetic diversity correlated positively with waterbody size, suggesting greater vulnerability in small ponds compared with large lakes. Inbreeding levels were low; however, effective population sizes were consistently below 100, indicating serious extinction risks. Strong divergence between A. anatina populations north and south of the Alps suggests a putative undescribed Anodonta species in the Ticino area. Furthermore, we detected hybridisation between A. cygnea and A. exulcerata, indicating genomic permeability between these species. In addition, genomic data suggested facultative selfing in A. cygnea, leading to a marked reduction in genetic diversity, increased population structure and inbreeding and a decline in effective population size compared to the outcrossing A. anatina. Our study underscores that reproductive strategy fundamentally shapes genetic indicators of biodiversity and influences extinction risk; conservation targets should therefore be adapted to the biology of the species of interest. To conclude, we advocate for integrating reproductive mode and genomic data into conservation planning to more accurately assess vulnerability and guide effective action.
Faust, E.; Conrads, J.; Giulio, M.; Ciofi, C.; Natali, C.; Feulner, P. G. D.; Weber, A. A. -T. (2025) Beyond genetic indicators: how reproductive mode and hybridisation challenge freshwater mussel conservation, Molecular Ecology, 34(21), e70066 (20 pp.), doi:10.1111/mec.70066, Institutional Repository
Ecological disturbance reduces genomic diversity across an Alpine whitefish adaptive radiation
Genomic diversity is associated with the adaptive potential of a population and thereby impacts the extinction risk of a species during environmental change. However, empirical data on genomic diversity of populations before environmental perturbations are rare and hence our understanding of the impact of perturbation on diversity is often limited. We here assess genomic diversity utilising whole-genome resequencing data from all four species of the Lake Constance Alpine whitefish radiation. Our data covers a period of strong but transient anthropogenic environmental change and permits us to track changes in genomic diversity in all species over time. Genomic diversity became strongly reduced during the period of anthropogenic disturbance and has not recovered yet. The decrease in genomic diversity varies between 18% and 30%, depending on the species. Interspecific allele frequency differences of SNPs located in potentially ecologically relevant genes were homogenized over time. This suggests that in addition to the reduction of genome-wide genetic variation, the differentiation that evolved in the process of adaptation to alternative ecologies between species might have been lost during the ecological disturbance. The erosion of substantial amounts of genomic variation within just a few generations in combination with the loss of potentially adaptive genomic differentiation, both of which had evolved over thousands of years, demonstrates the sensitivity of biodiversity in evolutionary young adaptive radiations towards environmental disturbance. Natural history collections, such as the one used for this study, are instrumental in the assessment of genomic consequences of anthropogenic environmental change. Historical samples enable us to document biodiversity loss against the shifting baseline syndrome and advance our understanding of the need for efficient biodiversity conservation on a global scale.
Frei, D.; Mwaiko, S.; Seehausen, O.; Feulner, P. G. D. (2024) Ecological disturbance reduces genomic diversity across an Alpine whitefish adaptive radiation, Evolutionary Applications, 17(2), e13617 (12 pp.), doi:10.1111/eva.13617, Institutional Repository
Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes. "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Das Projet Lac war ein grosses Projekt der Eawag und der Universität Bern zur erstmaligen quantitativen Erfassung ganzer Fischgemeinschaften in grossen und tiefen Seen in und um die europäischen Alpen mit standardisierten Probenahmeverfahren. Ab 2010 wurden insgesamt 35 Seen in der Schweiz, Italien, Frankreich, Deutschland und Österreich untersucht und über 106 Fischarten erfasst. Dieser Bericht fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammen, vergleicht die Fischgemeinschaften der einzelnen Seen, untersucht ihre Beziehung zu Umweltparametern und gibt einen Überblick über die Faktoren, welche die biologische Vielfalt und die Struktur der Gemeinschaften in diesem wichtigen Ökosystem beeinflussen.
Le Projet Lac était un grand projet de l'Eawag et de l'Université de Berne visant à recenser pour la première fois de manière quantitative des communautés entières de poissons dans les grands et profonds lacs des Alpes européennes et de leurs environs, à l'aide de méthodes d'échantillonnage standardisées. A partir de 2010, 35 lacs au total ont été étudiés en Suisse, en Italie, en France, en Allemagne et en Autriche et plus de 106 espèces de poissons ont été recensées. Ce rapport résume les principaux résultats, compare les communautés de poissons des différents lacs, examine leur relation avec les paramètres environnementaux et donne un aperçu des facteurs qui influencent la diversité biologique et la structure des communautés dans cet écosystème important.
Il Projet Lac era un progetto su larga scala dell'Eawag e dell'Università di Berna per la prima indagine quantitativa di intere comunità di pesci in laghi grandi e profondi nelle Alpi europee e dintorni, utilizzando metodi di campionamento standardizzati. A partire dal 2010, un totale di 35 laghi in Svizzera, Italia, Francia, Germania e Austria sono stati studiati e sono state registrate oltre 106 specie di pesci. Questo rapporto riassume i risultati principali, confronta le comunità di pesci di ogni lago, esamina la loro relazione con i parametri ambientali e fornisce una panoramica dei fattori che influenzano la biodiversità e la struttura della comunità in questo importante ecosistema.
Projet Lac was a large project conducted by Eawag and the University of Bern to quantitatively survey, for the first time, whole-lake fish communities in the large and deep lakes in and around the European Alps using multiple, standardised sampling methods. Starting in 2010, in total 35 lakes were investigated across Switzerland, Italy, France, Germany and Austria, with more than 106 fish species recorded. This report brings together key findings, compares fish communities among lakes, investigates their relationship to environmental parameters, and provides an overview of drivers of biodiversity and community structure in this important ecosystem.
Alexander, T.; Seehausen, O. (2021) Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes. "Projet Lac" synthesis report, 284 p, doi:10.55408/eawag:24051, Institutional Repository
Diversity, functions and antibiotic resistance of sediment microbial communities from Lake Geneva are driven by the spatial distribution of anthropogenic contamination
Lake sediments are natural receptors for a wide range of anthropogenic contaminants including organic matter and toxicants such as trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls that accumulate over time. This contamination can impact benthic communities, including microorganisms which play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling and food-webs. The present survey aimed at exploring whether anthropogenic contamination, at a large lake scale, can influence the diversity, structure and functions of microbial communities associated to surface sediment, as well as their genetic potential for resistance to metals and antibiotics. Changes in the characteristics of these communities were assessed in surface sediments collected in Lake Geneva from eight sampling sites in October 2017 and May 2018. These sampling sites were characterized by a large concentration range of metal and organic compound contamination. Variation between the two sampling periods were very limited for all sampling sites and measured microbial parameters. In contrast, spatial variations were observed, with two sites being distinct from each other, and from the other six sites. Benthic communities from the most contaminated sampling site (Vidy Bay, near the city of Lausanne) were characterized by the lowest bacterial and archaeal diversity, a distinct community composition, the highest abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and functional (respiration, denitrification, methanogenesis, phosphatase, and beta-glucosidase) activity levels. The second sampling site which is highly influenced by inputs from the Rhône River, exhibited low levels of diversity, a distinct community composition, high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and the highest bacterial abundance. Overall, our results suggest that local anthropogenic contamination, including organic matter and toxicants, is a major driver of the diversity and functioning of sediment-microbial communities in Lake Geneva. This highlights the need to consider benthic microbial communities and a suite of complementary ecotoxicological endpoints for more effective environmental risk assessments of contaminants in lake sediments.
Lyautey, E.; Bonnineau, C.; Billard, P.; Loizeau, J.-L.; Naffrechoux, E.; Tlili, A.; Topp, E.; Ferrari, B. J. D.; Pesce, S. (2021) Diversity, functions and antibiotic resistance of sediment microbial communities from Lake Geneva are driven by the spatial distribution of anthropogenic contamination, Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 738629 (15 pp.), doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.738629, Institutional Repository
High-throughput DNA barcoding of oligochaetes for abundance-based indices to assess the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes
Aquatic oligochaete communities are valuable indicators of the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes, but identification of specimens to the species level based on morphological features requires solid expertise in taxonomy and is possible only for a fraction of specimens present in a sample. The identification of aquatic oligochaetes using DNA barcodes would facilitate their use in biomonitoring and allow a wider use of this taxonomic group for ecological diagnoses. Previous approaches based on DNA metabarcoding of samples composed of total sediments or pools of specimens have been proposed for assessing the biological quality of ecosystems, but such methods do not provide precise information on species abundance, which limits the value of resulting ecological diagnoses. Here, we tested how a DNA barcoding approach based on high-throughput sequencing of sorted and genetically tagged specimens performed to assess oligochaete species diversity and abundance and the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes. We applied both molecular and morphological approaches at 13 sites in Swiss streams and at 7 sites in Lake Geneva. We genetically identified 33 or 66 specimens per site. For both approaches, we used the same index calculations. We found that the ecological diagnoses derived from the genetic approach matched well with those of the morphological approach and that the genetic identification of only 33 specimens per site provided enough ecological information for correctly estimating the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes.
Vivien, R.; Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, L.; Pawlowski, J.; Werner, I.; Lafont, M.; Ferrari, B. J. D. (2020) High-throughput DNA barcoding of oligochaetes for abundance-based indices to assess the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes, Scientific Reports, 10, 2041 (8 pp.), doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58703-2, Institutional Repository
The foreign oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) in Lake Geneva: morphological and molecular characterization and environmental influences on its distribution
The presence of the oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) originating from North America has been mentioned for several decades in Europe, the Middle East and Russia. Its distribution and abundance in Europe is still unknown but it can be considered as potentially invasive. This species was recently discovered in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) and three other Swiss lakes. The aims of the present work are to report its repartition and abundance in Lake Geneva, to study its ecology and to determine its invasive potential in this lake. We also provide an identification key for correctly differentiating Q. multisetosus from the closely related species Spirosperma ferox Eisen, 1879 and Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube, 1879), and study the phylogenetic position of Q. multisetosus within several Tubificinae lineages based on the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) marker. Twenty-eight sites have been monitored since 2009 in Lake Geneva. In several sites, the COI sequence corresponding to this species was also searched for in sediment samples using high-throughput sequencing. In addition, we examined specimens collected in this lake before 2009 likely to belong to Q. multisetosus and to have been misidentified. We found that Q. multisetosus was only present in the lake downstream of a wastewater treatment plant and a combined sewer overflow in the Vidy Bay (near Lausanne) and at a site located nearby. These results confirmed the high tolerance of this species to organic matter pollution. Q. multisetosus was already present in this location in 1974 (misidentified as Spirosperma ferox), which suggests that Q. multisetosus has a limited capacity to disseminate in this lake. However, we recommend continuing monitoring its presence in Lake Geneva in the future, especially in the context of warming of waters that could contribute to the expansion of this species.
Vivien, R.; Lafont, M.; Lods-Crozet, B.; Holzmann, M.; Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, L.; Guigoz, Y.; Ferrari, B. J. D. (2020) The foreign oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) in Lake Geneva: morphological and molecular characterization and environmental influences on its distribution, Biology, 9(12), 436 (17 pp.), doi:10.3390/biology9120436, Institutional Repository
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title => protected'Use of nematode and oligochaete communities for assessing the effects of tox ic pollutants in lake sediments – An exploratory study in Lake Geneva' (147 chars)
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description => protected'Sediments represent a habitat for a high number of species and have the prop erty to store pollutants, in particular hydrophobic substances, which can re ach concentrations sufficient to induce adverse effects on benthic invertebr ates. It is crucial to assess the quality of this environmental compartment to identify whether it can contribute to the degradation of an aquatic ecosy stem and disrupt its proper functioning. A complete evaluation of sediment q uality requires combining ecotoxicological tests, <em>in situ</em> communiti es' assessment and chemical analyses. Given that nematodes and oligochaetes are abundant in sediments and comprise sensitive and resistant taxa to pollu tion, indices based on the composition of these communities have been propos ed for assessing the biological quality of this compartment. In lakes, nemat odes and oligochaetes have been mainly used to assess the effect of eutrophi cation. The specific effect of sediment contaminants such as trace metal ele ments, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on these communities has not or insufficiently been studied in lakes . Here, we determined the oligochaete and nematode indices at six sites of L ake Geneva presenting different degrees of contamination. In parallel, the c oncentrations of trace metal elements, PAHs and PCBs were measured in the se diments of these sites and compared to sediment quality guidelines. The leve l of contamination varied from moderate to high, two sites presenting severa l pollutants with concentrations that largely exceeded the theoretical thres hold effect concentrations. We observed some discordances between the result s of oligochaete and nematode indices which could be partly explained by the different methods used for classifying the taxa as sensitive to pollution. At some sites, the biological quality inferred from oligochaete and nematode communities was good or very good although the measured contaminant concent rations exceeded previou...' (2466 chars)
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description => protected'Legacy (i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododec ane (HBCDD)) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were analyz ed in 31 whole fish samples from Lake Geneva in 2018. Two fish species, name ly, the burbot (<em>Lota lota</em>) and the roach (<em>Rutilus rutilus</em>) , were selected, hypothetically representing different habitats, feeding beh aviors, and different metabolic capacities. Roach (<em>N</em> = 20) and b urbot (<em>N</em> = 11) displayed similar size and mass, but the latter s pecies was overall leaner than the former. The sum of individual PBDE concen trations (0.54–9.86 ng g<sup>−1</sup> wet weight (ww)) was similar in both species, but the respective molecular profiles suggested contrasted met abolic capacities. HBCDD sum of isomer concentrations ranged from non-detect ed to 3.477 ng g<sup>−1</sup> (ww), also similar in both species. Both P BDEs and HBCDD levels were far below the threshold that indicates a risk to fish predators. Referring to previous surveys, which involved a wider range of species, PBDE concentrations have declined or are stable. HBCDD concentra tions remained low, despite the PBDE ban, which could have fostered the cons umption of other HFRs. The occurrence of alternative HFRs was also low for m ost compounds analyzed. Only dechloranes and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE ) had detection rates above 50%. Dechloranes spanned a concentration range b
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authors => protected'Müller, B.; Steinsberger, T.; Schwefel, R.; Gächter, R .; Sturm, M.; Wüest, A.' (110 chars)
title => protected'Oxygen consumption in seasonally stratified lakes decreases only below a mar ginal phosphorus threshold' (102 chars)
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description => protected'Areal oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) consumption in deeper layers of stratified lake s and reservoirs depends on the amount of settling organic matter. As phosph orus (P) limits primary production in most lakes, protective and remediation efforts often seek to reduce P input. However, lower P concentrations do no t always lead to lower O<sub>2</sub> consumption rates. This study used a la rge hydrochemical dataset to show that hypolimnetic O<sub>2</sub> consumptio n rates in seasonally stratified European lakes remain consistently elevated within a narrow range (1.06 ± 0.08 g O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>
um of total P present in the productive top 15 m of the water column after winter mixing plus the load of total dissolved P imported during the strati fied season, normalized to the lake area. Only when APS sank below this thre shold, the areal hypolimnetic mineralization rate (AHM) decreased in proport ion to APS. Sediment trap material showed increasing carbon:phosphorus (C:P) ratios in settling particulate matter when APS declined. This suggests that a decreasing P load results in lower P concentration but not necessarily in lower AHM rates because the phytoplankton community is able to maintain max imum biomass production by counteracting the decreasing P supply by a more e fficient P utilization. In other words, in-lake organic matter production de pends only on APS if the latter falls below the threshold of 0.54 g P m< sup>−2</sup> and correspondingly, the atomic C:P ratio of the settling mat erial exceeds ~155.' (1691 chars)
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title => protected'Reviews and syntheses: dams, water quality and tropical reservoir stratifica tion' (80 chars)
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description => protected'The impact of large dams is a popular topic in environmental science, but th e importance of altered water quality as a driver of ecological impacts is o ften missing from such discussions. This is partly because information on th e relationship between dams and water quality is relatively sparse and fragm entary, especially for low-latitude developing countries where dam building is now concentrated. In this paper, we review and synthesize information on the effects of damming on water quality with a special focus on low latitude s. We find that two ultimate physical processes drive most water quality cha nges: the trapping of sediments and nutrients, and thermal stratification in reservoirs. Since stratification emerges as an important driver and there i s ambiguity in the literature regarding the stratification behavior of water bodies in the tropics, we synthesize data and literature on the 54 largest low-latitude reservoirs to assess their mixing behavior using three classifi cation schemes. Direct observations from literature as well as classificatio ns based on climate and/or morphometry suggest that most, if not all, low-la titude reservoirs will stratify on at least a seasonal basis. This finding s uggests that low-latitude dams have the potential to discharge cooler, anoxi c deep water, which can degrade downstream ecosystems by altering thermal re gimes or causing hypoxic stress. Many of these reservoirs are also capable o f efficient trapping of sediments and bed load, transforming or destroying d ownstream ecosystems, such as floodplains and deltas. Water quality impacts imposed by stratification and sediment trapping can be mitigated through a v ariety of approaches, but implementation often meets physical or financial c onstraints. The impending construction of thousands of planned low-latitude dams will alter water quality throughout tropical and subtropical rivers. Th ese changes and associated environmental impacts need to be better understoo d by better baseline dat...' (2206 chars)
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description => protected'Monitoring of four eutrophic Swiss lakes undergoing oligotrophication during more than 25 years (i.e., gradually decreasing nutrient loading, productivi ty, and associated symptoms of eutrophication) revealed that phosphorus (P) net sedimentation rates (the fraction of the lakes' total P content that is buried within its sediments each year) and P export rates (the fraction of t he lakes' total P content that is exported via the outlet each year) increas ed as the lakes' P contents decreased. These findings are of scientific as w ell as practical interest because they imply that, contrary to the hitherto prevailing view, the P concentration of eutrophic lakes will decrease more t han proportional to the reduction of their external P load, and faster than predicted by the linear (eutrophic state-based) models.' (815 chars)
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Use of nematode and oligochaete communities for assessing the effects of toxic pollutants in lake sediments – An exploratory study in Lake Geneva
Sediments represent a habitat for a high number of species and have the property to store pollutants, in particular hydrophobic substances, which can reach concentrations sufficient to induce adverse effects on benthic invertebrates. It is crucial to assess the quality of this environmental compartment to identify whether it can contribute to the degradation of an aquatic ecosystem and disrupt its proper functioning. A complete evaluation of sediment quality requires combining ecotoxicological tests, in situ communities' assessment and chemical analyses. Given that nematodes and oligochaetes are abundant in sediments and comprise sensitive and resistant taxa to pollution, indices based on the composition of these communities have been proposed for assessing the biological quality of this compartment. In lakes, nematodes and oligochaetes have been mainly used to assess the effect of eutrophication. The specific effect of sediment contaminants such as trace metal elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on these communities has not or insufficiently been studied in lakes. Here, we determined the oligochaete and nematode indices at six sites of Lake Geneva presenting different degrees of contamination. In parallel, the concentrations of trace metal elements, PAHs and PCBs were measured in the sediments of these sites and compared to sediment quality guidelines. The level of contamination varied from moderate to high, two sites presenting several pollutants with concentrations that largely exceeded the theoretical threshold effect concentrations. We observed some discordances between the results of oligochaete and nematode indices which could be partly explained by the different methods used for classifying the taxa as sensitive to pollution. At some sites, the biological quality inferred from oligochaete and nematode communities was good or very good although the measured contaminant concentrations exceeded previously established effect thresholds on oligochaete and nematode communities. These discordances could be explained by a reduction of the bioavailability of pollutants by Mn/Fe oxides, CaCO3 and organic matter in sediments and by exfiltration of groundwater. The results of this exploratory study should be extended to confirm the pertinence of the use of oligochaete and nematode communities for assessing the effect of chemical pollution in lake sediments.
Vivien, R.; Casado, M. C.; Höss, S.; Haegerbaeumer, A.; Traunspurger, W.; Pesce, S.; Ferrari, B. J. D. (2024) Use of nematode and oligochaete communities for assessing the effects of toxic pollutants in lake sediments – An exploratory study in Lake Geneva, Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 103, 39-60, doi:10.5169/seals-1061941, Institutional Repository
Legacy and alternative halogenated flame retardants in Lake Geneva fish
Legacy (i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD)) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were analyzed in 31 whole fish samples from Lake Geneva in 2018. Two fish species, namely, the burbot (Lota lota) and the roach (Rutilus rutilus), were selected, hypothetically representing different habitats, feeding behaviors, and different metabolic capacities. Roach (N = 20) and burbot (N = 11) displayed similar size and mass, but the latter species was overall leaner than the former. The sum of individual PBDE concentrations (0.54–9.86 ng g−1 wet weight (ww)) was similar in both species, but the respective molecular profiles suggested contrasted metabolic capacities. HBCDD sum of isomer concentrations ranged from non-detected to 3.477 ng g−1 (ww), also similar in both species. Both PBDEs and HBCDD levels were far below the threshold that indicates a risk to fish predators. Referring to previous surveys, which involved a wider range of species, PBDE concentrations have declined or are stable. HBCDD concentrations remained low, despite the PBDE ban, which could have fostered the consumption of other HFRs. The occurrence of alternative HFRs was also low for most compounds analyzed. Only dechloranes and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) had detection rates above 50%. Dechloranes spanned a concentration range between 5 and 10 times the quantification limits (0.002 to 0.005 ng g−1 wet weight), lower than DBDPE (< 0.005 to 2.89 ng g−1 wet weight). Quality standards targeting biota are currently missing for these emerging chemicals.
Babut, M.; Marchand, P.; Venisseau, A.; Veyrand, B.; Ferrari, B. J. D. (2021) Legacy and alternative halogenated flame retardants in Lake Geneva fish, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 7766-7773, doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11118-y, Institutional Repository
Oxygen consumption in seasonally stratified lakes decreases only below a marginal phosphorus threshold
Areal oxygen (O2) consumption in deeper layers of stratified lakes and reservoirs depends on the amount of settling organic matter. As phosphorus (P) limits primary production in most lakes, protective and remediation efforts often seek to reduce P input. However, lower P concentrations do not always lead to lower O2 consumption rates. This study used a large hydrochemical dataset to show that hypolimnetic O2 consumption rates in seasonally stratified European lakes remain consistently elevated within a narrow range (1.06 ± 0.08 g O2 m−2 d−1) as long as areal P supply (APS) exceeded 0.54 ± 0.06 g P m−2 during the productive season. APS consists of the sum of total P present in the productive top 15 m of the water column after winter mixing plus the load of total dissolved P imported during the stratified season, normalized to the lake area. Only when APS sank below this threshold, the areal hypolimnetic mineralization rate (AHM) decreased in proportion to APS. Sediment trap material showed increasing carbon:phosphorus (C:P) ratios in settling particulate matter when APS declined. This suggests that a decreasing P load results in lower P concentration but not necessarily in lower AHM rates because the phytoplankton community is able to maintain maximum biomass production by counteracting the decreasing P supply by a more efficient P utilization. In other words, in-lake organic matter production depends only on APS if the latter falls below the threshold of 0.54 g P m−2 and correspondingly, the atomic C:P ratio of the settling material exceeds ~155.
Müller, B.; Steinsberger, T.; Schwefel, R.; Gächter, R.; Sturm, M.; Wüest, A. (2019) Oxygen consumption in seasonally stratified lakes decreases only below a marginal phosphorus threshold, Scientific Reports, 9, 18054 (7 pp.), doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54486-3, Institutional Repository
Reviews and syntheses: dams, water quality and tropical reservoir stratification
The impact of large dams is a popular topic in environmental science, but the importance of altered water quality as a driver of ecological impacts is often missing from such discussions. This is partly because information on the relationship between dams and water quality is relatively sparse and fragmentary, especially for low-latitude developing countries where dam building is now concentrated. In this paper, we review and synthesize information on the effects of damming on water quality with a special focus on low latitudes. We find that two ultimate physical processes drive most water quality changes: the trapping of sediments and nutrients, and thermal stratification in reservoirs. Since stratification emerges as an important driver and there is ambiguity in the literature regarding the stratification behavior of water bodies in the tropics, we synthesize data and literature on the 54 largest low-latitude reservoirs to assess their mixing behavior using three classification schemes. Direct observations from literature as well as classifications based on climate and/or morphometry suggest that most, if not all, low-latitude reservoirs will stratify on at least a seasonal basis. This finding suggests that low-latitude dams have the potential to discharge cooler, anoxic deep water, which can degrade downstream ecosystems by altering thermal regimes or causing hypoxic stress. Many of these reservoirs are also capable of efficient trapping of sediments and bed load, transforming or destroying downstream ecosystems, such as floodplains and deltas. Water quality impacts imposed by stratification and sediment trapping can be mitigated through a variety of approaches, but implementation often meets physical or financial constraints. The impending construction of thousands of planned low-latitude dams will alter water quality throughout tropical and subtropical rivers. These changes and associated environmental impacts need to be better understood by better baseline data and more sophisticated predictors of reservoir stratification behavior. Improved environmental impact assessments and dam designs have the potential to mitigate both existing and future potential impacts.
Winton, R. S.; Calamita, E.; Wehrli, B. (2019) Reviews and syntheses: dams, water quality and tropical reservoir stratification, Biogeosciences, 16(8), 1657-1671, doi:10.5194/bg-16-1657-2019, Institutional Repository
Accelerated water quality improvement during oligotrophication in peri-alpine lakes
Monitoring of four eutrophic Swiss lakes undergoing oligotrophication during more than 25 years (i.e., gradually decreasing nutrient loading, productivity, and associated symptoms of eutrophication) revealed that phosphorus (P) net sedimentation rates (the fraction of the lakes' total P content that is buried within its sediments each year) and P export rates (the fraction of the lakes' total P content that is exported via the outlet each year) increased as the lakes' P contents decreased. These findings are of scientific as well as practical interest because they imply that, contrary to the hitherto prevailing view, the P concentration of eutrophic lakes will decrease more than proportional to the reduction of their external P load, and faster than predicted by the linear (eutrophic state-based) models.
Müller, B.; Gächter, R.; Wüest, A. (2014) Accelerated water quality improvement during oligotrophication in peri-alpine lakes, Environmental Science and Technology, 48(12), 6671-6677, doi:10.1021/es4040304, Institutional Repository
Projets de recherche de l'Eawag
Une sélection de projets de recherche menés par l'Eawag sur des thèmes pertinents. Ces pages donnent un aperçu des activités de recherche de l'Eawag menées dans et sur les lacs. Vous y trouverez également des informations complémentaires et d'autres publications. Les liens renvoient vers les sites web des projets en français ou en allemand. Des versions en anglais sont disponibles en ligne.
Projets de recherche de l'Eawag (par thème)
Changement climatique
Changement climatique
Un partenariat entre l’Eawag et l’OFEV pour des lacs riches en espèces et résilients
Im Spätsommer 2024 wurde die Quagga-Muschel erstmals im Zürichsee entdeckt wir dokumentieren die Invasion von Beginn an und zeigen, wie sie den Seegrund bereits ver-ändert.
Les lacs stockent de grandes quantités de chaleur. A quel point cette chaleur peut-elle être utilisée afin de réduire l'utilisation de combustibles fossiles et d'électricité pour le chauffage et le refroidissement?
Les changements climatiques ont également un impact sur les lacs. Nous étudions les relations dans ce système complexe en analysant des données globales et des études de cas locales.
Erhalt und die Wiederherstellung der Biodiversität in Gewässern und Verbesserung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber dem Klimawandel durch integrale Gewässersanierungen.
Wir erforschen die Artenvielfalt Schweizer Gewässer und entwickeln datengestützte Massnahmenempfehlungen, die den Klimawandel und menschliche Einflüsse berücksichtigen
Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die biologische Gewässerbewertung ("MSK Stresstest")
Wir (1) führen hydrologische Veränderungen auf menschliche bzw. umweltbedingte Faktoren zurück und (2) charakterisieren die Rolle hydrologischer Systeme bei der Vermittlung der gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels
Quagga-Muscheln leben bis in 200 Meter Tiefe doch vermehren sie sich dort genauso? Wir untersuchen, ob die Tiefsee-Populationen die Invasion dauerhaft antreiben.
Un projet de surveillance de la propagation de la moule quagga dans les lacs suisses et de soutien aux mesures de prévention et de protection en Suisse
Woher stammt die Quagga-Muschel in unseren Seen und welche Wege hat sie genom-men? Mit modernster Genomik rekonstruieren wir ihre Herkunft und entdecken unbe-kannte Einführungswege.
Fast zwei Drittel der einheimischen Fischarten sind vom Aussterben bedroht. Um die aquatische Artenvielfalt und die nötigen Lebensräume zu erhalten ...
Im Spätsommer 2024 wurde die Quagga-Muschel erstmals im Zürichsee entdeckt wir dokumentieren die Invasion von Beginn an und zeigen, wie sie den Seegrund bereits ver-ändert.
Erhalt und die Wiederherstellung der Biodiversität in Gewässern und Verbesserung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber dem Klimawandel durch integrale Gewässersanierungen.
Wir erforschen die Artenvielfalt Schweizer Gewässer und entwickeln datengestützte Massnahmenempfehlungen, die den Klimawandel und menschliche Einflüsse berücksichtigen
La collaboration entre l’Eawag et le WSL a pour objectif d’effectuer des recherches sur la biodiversité à l’interface des écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres.
Ce projet étudie la libération d’arsenic et d’autres éléments traces provenant de matériaux d’excavation et les risques potentiels pour les ressources en eau.
Antimikrobielle Resistenz (AMR) ist ein globales Problem für die öffentliche Gesundheit. Dieses Projekt entwickelt ein neues Paradigma für die Untersuchung des Verbleibs von AMR-Kontaminationen in Seen.
Entwicklung des CyanoSensors: ein neuartiges Biosensor-Panel, das auf Aptamer- und CRISPR-Technologie basiert, um Cyanotoxine im Seewasser schnell, sensitiv und mit hohem Durchsatz zu überwachen.